Tissue reaction after subcutaneous implants of a new material composed of ethylene‐vinyl acetate and starch for future use as a biomaterial

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the tissue reaction of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) in 4 different compositions and processing: EVA foamed at high pressure with ultrasound (EVACU); EVA with 15% starch foamed at high pressure with ultrasound (EVAMCU); EVA with 15% starch foamed at high pressure without ultrasound and EVA foamed at high pressure without ultrasound as future use as a porous scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the influence of starch, reducing the diameter of pores. The number of open pores was also reduced with the addition of starch. The ultrasound applied during the manufacturing of composites does not affect these characteristics. Eighteen rats were used to test the tissue reaction of materials and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), proven biocompatible material. After 7, 15, and 60 days of surgery, the materials were removed and processed for microscopic evaluation and counting of the inflammatory infiltrate. The data shows inflammatory reaction similar to PTFE. However, in the quantitative analysis at 60 days, the EVACU and EVAMCU showed less quantity of mononuclear cells (p < 0.05). Thus, the results suggest that the use of ultrasound in the production method (EVA) seems to have improved cell behavior regarding the reduction of infiltration over the period, with tissue response equivalent to the PTFE. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018.

Electrospun Magnetic Composite Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Magnetite Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications: Composition, Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Biological Performance

“…The animals were kept under standard conditions on a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle, with free access to water and feed. Immediately before implantation of the scaffolds, each animal was anesthetized with Zoletil 100 (Virbac, France) at a dose of 5 mg/kg in combination with the muscle relaxant xylazine (Bioveta, Czech Republic) at a dose of 6 mg/kg intramuscularly . Next, all 12 Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of four males for implantation of scaffolds for various periods: 7, 14, or 30 days.…”

“…The resultant blocks were used to prepare primary slices 200 μm in thickness (low-speed sow jet; Switzerland), which served for making secondary slices 40–50 μm thick. Slice thickness control was implemented using a standard mechanical drum-type micrometer …”

“…Immediately before implantation of the scaffolds, each animal was anesthetized with Zoletil 100 (Virbac, France) at a dose of 5 mg/kg in combination with the muscle relaxant xylazine (Bioveta, Czech Republic) at a dose of 6 mg/kg intramuscularly. 27 Next, all 12 Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of four males for implantation of scaffolds for various periods: 7, 14, or 30 days. Scaffolds PHB/S1, PHB/S2, and PHB/S3 were implanted subcutaneously into the abdominal area of rats.…”

“…Slice thickness control was implemented using a standard mechanical drum-type micrometer. 27 Microscopic examination was carried out under a Biomed 1 Var.2 fluorescent imaging microscope (Biomed, Russia) with a MYscope 300M digital ocular (Webbers, Taiwan). Up to 10 images (3132 × 2325 pixels) of each sample at 10× and 40× magnification were captured and digitized.…”