Tissue morphogenesis coupled with cell shape changes

Watanabe, Tadayoshi; Takahashi, Yoshiko

doi:10.1016/j.gde.2010.05.004

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is notably the case in the hindbrain for EphA4 and ephrin B2a, which show complementary expression in rhombomeres r3/r5 and also in r2/r4 (Xu et al, 1995;Xu et al, 1999;Cooke et al, 2005;Xu and Wilkinson, 2013). The same two molecules were also found to be required for somite segmentation: in this case, ephrin B2a is enriched posteriorly and EphA4 anteriorly in each segment (Durbin et al, 1998;Barrios et al, 2003;Watanabe et al, 2009;Watanabe and Takahashi, 2010). The situation is more complex at the Xenopus ectoderm-mesoderm separation, with each tissue expressing several ephrins and Eph receptors.…”

Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 90%

The cellular basis of tissue separation

Fagotto

2014

Development

127

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The subdivision of the embryo into physically distinct regions is one of the most fundamental processes in development. General hypotheses for tissue separation based on differential adhesion or tension have been proposed in the past, but with little experimental support. During the last decade, the field has experienced a strong revival, largely driven by renewed interest in biophysical modeling of development. Here, I will discuss the various models of boundary formation and summarize recent studies that have shifted our understanding of the process from the simple juxtaposition of global tissue properties to the characterization of local cellular reactions. Current evidence favors a model whereby separation is controlled by cell surface cues, which, upon cell-cell contact, generate acute changes in cytoskeletal and adhesive properties to inhibit cell mixing, and whereby the integration of multiple local cues may dictate both the global morphogenetic properties of a tissue and its separation from adjacent cell populations.

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Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 90%

The cellular basis of tissue separation

Fagotto

2014

Development

127

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“…In most species, this forms a threedimensional epithelial block that has a basal surface on the outside, which forms the somite boundaries, and a cluster of mesenchymal cells in the interior that contribute to the differentiated somite derivatives. The formation and stability of these morphological boundaries involves a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of the PSM tissue via coordinated changes in cellular shape and adhesion, and a deposition of extracellular matrix into the resulting gap or furrow (reviewed by Watanabe and Takahashi, 2010). These complex morphogenetic processes involve Eph-ephrin and integrinfibronectin signaling, but lie outside of the scope of this review.…”

Section: An Overview Of Somite Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning embryos with oscillations: structure, function and dynamics of the vertebrate segmentation clock

2012

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The segmentation clock is an oscillating genetic network thought to govern the rhythmic and sequential subdivision of the elongating body axis of the vertebrate embryo into somites: the precursors of the segmented vertebral column. Understanding how the rhythmic signal arises, how it achieves precision and how it patterns the embryo remain challenging issues. Recent work has provided evidence of how the period of the segmentation clock is regulated and how this affects the anatomy of the embryo. The ongoing development of realtime clock reporters and mathematical models promise novel insight into the dynamic behavior of the clock.Key words: Gradient, Modeling, Negative feedback, Oscillator, Signaling, Somitogenesis IntroductionThe segmented anatomy of the vertebrate embryo is evident in the two bilaterally symmetrical rows of somites that flank the notochord along the body axis. These blocks of mesodermal cells give rise primarily to bone, muscle and skin of the adult body, which is correspondingly segmented. Somitogenesis is a rhythmic and sequential process in which each successive bilateral somite pair segregates at a regular time interval from the anterior end of the pre-somitic mesoderm (PSM, see Glossary, Box 1) as the body axis elongates (Fig. 1A,B). Somitogenesis has long been of interest to developmental biologists because it involves the coordination of patterning and growth of a tissue by a regularly repeated morphogenetic process. The topic of this review is the molecular segmentation clock that underlies this periodicity. The segmentation clock has attracted the attention of those interested in biological clocks and the molecular mechanisms of developmental timing, as well as those studying the function and stability of rapidly acting genetic circuits, and the interplay between the properties of single cells and their collective behavior at the tissue level. Finally, the rhythmic nature of the process is the seed for a theoretical interest in somitogenesis that is decades old and now promises a powerful synthesis of experiment and theory that is emblematic of modern embryology.This review first provides an overview of somitogenesis, then describes the prevailing dynamic model for somitogenesis, the Clock and Wavefront mechanism, its molecular phenomenology Development 139, 625-639 (2012) REVIEW Box 1. GlossaryBiological oscillator. A system that generates a periodic variation in the state of a cell, tissue or organism. The vibrating stereocillia bundles of inner ear hair cells, the contraction cycle of cardiac muscle cells, circadian clocks and rhythmic neuronal circuits are all biological oscillators. Coupling. Communication between neighboring oscillators that leads to mutual adjustment of their frequencies. For example, activation of Notch receptors in a presomitic mesoderm cell by Delta from neighboring cells can affect the dynamics of Notch pathway components in the target cell. Frequency profile. Dependence of the frequency of the oscillators in an array on their position. In the segmentat...

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“…[112][113][114][115] In non-infected cells, Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42, in connection with fibronectin and laminin, are involved in polarization, cell cycle progression 117 and cell-cell adhesion. 118 Interestingly, some microorganisms, through the release of adhesion molecules, bind to fibronectin and activate Rho GTPases to promote host cell invasion.…”

Section: Treponema Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%