Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1, matrix metalloproteinases‐1 and ‐8, and collagenase activity levels in peri‐implant crevicular fluid after implantation

Abstract

The integrity of connective tissues surrounding dental implants may be influenced by a balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The purpose of this study was to provide an overall assessment of TIMP-1, MMP-1 and -8 levels as well as collagenase activities during the wound healing process after implantation and in peri-implantitis lesions. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was sampled with sterile paper strips from 10 osseointegrated implants of 6 subjects. Ten implants from 6 patients affected with peri-implantitis were also assessed. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from 11 periodontitis-affected patients and 10 healthy volunteers served as controls. TIMP-1 and MMP-1 and -8 protein levels in the PICF were measured by ELISA, and active and APMA-activatable collagenase activities were determined by functional assays using image-analysis after SDS-PAGE. The experiment showed a significant increase in the TIMP-1 level at 1 week after implantation as compared with that in GCF from healthy periodontium. Four weeks after implantation it had reached the same level as that in the GCF of healthy subjects. The data has also disclosed a higher post-implantation collagenase activity level at 1 week than at weeks 2, 4, and 12. This may be due to the increase in MMP-1 and -8. Furthermore, peri-implantitis and periodontitis were shown to be similar inflammatory lesions in respect to MMP-1 and -8 and collagenase activities, even though the TIMP-1/MMP-1 + MMP-8 ratio was significantly lower in peri-implantitis than in periodontitis. In conclusion, the overproduction of TIMP-1 in the wound area after implantation could, to some extent, inhibit excessive tissue destruction and degradation of the neo-matrix in wound repair due to MMPs.

Evaluation of Periimplant Crevicular Fluid Prostaglandin E2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Levels From Health to Periimplant Disease Status

“…Besides PGE 2 , MMP-8 is also shown to exhibit higher levels in periimplant inflammatory processes on comparing with healthy implants. [27][28][29]38,39 Incompatibly, Aboyoussef et al had not observed differences between the healthy state and early periimplantitis regarding MMP levels. However, the investigators claimed that a more critical analysis of MMP levels should be carried out using a specific assay.…”

“…[24][25][26] Elevated levels of MMP-8 in diseased PICF and the existence of a strong correlation between MMP-8 levels and GI scores have been reported in diseased periimplantitis sites. [27][28][29] However, no studies have focused on the prospective detection of PGE 2 together with MMP-8 in PICF after implantation. The purpose of the present investigation was to detect the levels of PGE 2 and MMP-8 in PICF longitudinally up to 18 months after osseointegration and loading, to assess the interaction between these mediators and clinical parameters, and also to assess whether the detection of these mediators in PICF might be useful in diagnosing early tissue breakdown.…”

Biological response to peri‐implantitis treatment

“…Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) consistently have been implicated in extracellular matrix degradation during chronic inflammation of periodontitis, particularly MMP‐8 (neutrophil collagenase) . Studies have detected MMP‐8 in saliva and GCF of periodontitis patients and in PICF of PIP patients suggestive that MMP‐8 levels may be useful for diagnostic monitoring of the connective tissue destruction phase of peri‐implant disease. MMP‐8, including targeting its active form, has been reported to represent a valuable target for chairside point‐of‐care testing of oral fluids related to detection of periodontitis, and more recently in PIP; albeit active MMP‐8’s ability to affect treatment decision‐making remains to be fully elucidated and implemented within the global dental profession.…”

Early Wound Healing Following One‐Stage Dental Implant Placement With and Without Antibiotic Prophylaxis: A Pilot Study

“…Similar to PI and GI, GCF/PICF samples were collected from four sites per tooth or implant and were repeated twice per site (e.g., mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual sites). Strips assigned for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were placed in an enzyme reaction buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl, 0.2 M NaCl, and 5 mM CaCl 2 at pH 7.5 and centrifuged at 13,000 × g for 10 minutes; the supernatant was kept frozen at −80°C 30. Strips assigned for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay were placed into a sterile vial with no buffer and kept at −20°C 31…”