Tissue Engineering Techniques for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Three-Dimensional Cardiac Constructs

Abstract

Recent developments in applied developmental physiology have provided well-defined methodologies for producing human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. The cardiomyocytes produced have become commonplace as cardiac physiology research models. Accessibility has also allowed for the development of tissue engineered human heart constructs for drug screening, surgical intervention, and investigating cardiac pathogenesis. However, cardiac tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that involves complex engineering and physiological concepts, which limits its accessibility. Our review provides a readable, broad reaching, and thorough discussion of major factors to consider for the development of cardiovascular tissues from stem cell derived cardiomyocytes.Here, our review will examine important considerations in undertaking a cardiovascular tissue engineering project, and will present, interpret, and summarize some of the recent advancements in this field. Throughout, we review different forms of tissue engineered constructs, a discussion on cardiomyocyte sources, and an in-depth discussion of the fabrication and maturation procedures for tissue engineered heart constructs.

Advancements in tissue engineering for cardiovascular health: a biomedical engineering perspective

“…The tasks of this entity encompass the regulation of biological processes, the formation of structural scaffolds, and the provision of tensile strength (Roshandel and Dorkoosh, 2021). Various studies have described the utilization of different forms of collagen and its alterations for the purpose of cardiac tissue repair (Salem et al, 2022). Fibrin has the potential to serve as a precursor for the fabrication of hydrogels, gels, and microbial structures (Sayed et al, 2019).…”

“…Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most common cardiac emergencies and carries significant morbidity and mortality potential (Dai et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2020;Gomes et al, 2022;. It is estimated that AMI can destroy up to 25 percent of the cardiomyocytes (CMs) in the left ventricle, or one billion cells (Salem et al, 2022). There are multiple studies showing that adults have a limited and clinically negligible capacity to renew CMs; as a result, there is not enough replacement tissue formation to compensate for CM loss (Kikuchi et al, 2022).…”

Electroconductive Nanofiber/Myocardium Gel Scaffolds Applicable for Myocardial Infarction Therapy

“…As there are the donor tissue limitations plus other associated limitations, it made scientists overcome these issues with tissue engineering-based methods, which has been developed to overcome the limitations of tissue treatment methods, such as organ transplantation. The main components of this method are scaffolds, cells, and culture environments, each of which affect the formation of the final tissue . The scaffold fabrication can be achieved using various methods with different structures and geometries.…”

“…The main components of this method are scaffolds, cells, and culture environments, each of which affect the formation of the final tissue. 4 The scaffold fabrication can be achieved using various methods with different structures and geometries.…”

Biocompatibility and Connectivity of Semiconductor Nanostructures for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Applications

“…In the cardiac field, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has allowed the development of new in vitro “tissue models” that can mimic both healthy and pathological diseases [ 1 , 2 ]. Such cells can be isolated from different patients and differentiated into cardiomyocytes, cultured together with supporting cells such as cardiac stromal or cardiac endothelial cells to generate in vitro 3D tissues that can be used for both in vitro or in vivo applications [ 3 ]. In this context, the integration of electronic devices for electrical tissue stimulation has been proven advantageous in term of tissue maturation and functional assembly of cardiomyocytes in vitro [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”