Tissue-Engineered Bone Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and a Biodegradable Scaffold

Abstract

Bone marrow has been shown to contain a population of rare cells capable of differentiating to the cells that form various tissues. These cells, referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are capable of forming bone when implanted ectopically in an appropriate scaffold. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a new beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) as a scaffold and to compare the osteogenic potential between beta-TCP and hydroxyapatite (HA). The beta-TCP and HA loaded with MSCs were implanted in subcutaneous sites and harvested at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation for biochemical and histological analysis. Biochemically, in both beta-TCP and HA composites, the alkaline phosphatase activity in the composites could be detected and was maintained at a high level for 8 weeks. In the histological analysis, active bone formation could be found in both the beta-TCP and HA composites. These findings suggest that beta-TCP could play a role as a scaffold as well as HA. The fabricated synthetic bone using biodegradable beta-TCP as a scaffold in vivo is useful for reconstructing bone, because the scaffold material is absorbed several months after implantation.

Platelet Rich Fibrin: A Novel Approach for Osseous Regeneration

“…Fibrin is natural guide of angiogenesis, traps the circulating stem cells, and provides wound protection by epithelial cover. Several authors have demonstrated that a fibrin matrix provide an optimal support to mesenchymal stem cells [13,14] which contribute to regeneration of bone cells and many other tissues and helps in osseous defect healing. Because of all of these powerful effects on tissue regeneration, a growing number of human clinical studies have detailed the use of growth factors in reconstructive oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontal surgery, implants, and sinus grafting [15].…”

Cell-Biomaterial Interactions Reproducing a Niche

“…chemical conditioning) was already probed (Goshima, Goldberg et al 1991;Ohgushi, Dohi et al 1993;Yuan, Yang et al 1998;Yuan, Kurashina et al 1999;Boo, Yamada et al 2002;Kasten, Luginbuhl et al 2003;Niemeyer, Krause et al 2003;Arinzeh, Tran et al 2005;Fan, Ikoma et al 2007;Nakamura 2007;Guarino, Causa et al 2008;Cheng, Ye et al 2009;Saldana, Sanchez-Salcedo et al 2009). For example, ceramic scaffolds (i.e.…”

Advances in Regenerative Medicine

“…chemical conditioning) was already probed (Goshima, Goldberg et al 1991;Ohgushi, Dohi et al 1993;Yuan, Yang et al 1998;Yuan, Kurashina et al 1999;Boo, Yamada et al 2002;Kasten, Luginbuhl et al 2003;Niemeyer, Krause et al 2003;Arinzeh, Tran et al 2005;Fan, Ikoma et al 2007;Nakamura 2007;Guarino, Causa et al 2008;Cheng, Ye et al 2009;Saldana, Sanchez-Salcedo et al 2009). For example, ceramic scaffolds (i.e.…”

“…In this context, cells are considered as a key element to achieve the regeneration of the target tissue, since very few biomaterials are osteoinductive by themselves (Goshima, Goldberg et al 1991;Ohgushi, Dohi et al 1993;Boo, Yamada et al 2002;Cancedda, Bianchi et al 2003;Endres, Hutmacher et al 2003;Livingston, Gordon et al 2003;Derubeis and Cancedda 2004;Warren, Nacamuli et al 2004;Arinzeh, Tran et al 2005;Kimelman, Pelled et al 2006;Bernhardt, Lode et al 2009;Matsushima, Kotobuki et al 2009). …”