Tissue-Engineered Axially Vascularized Contractile Skeletal Muscle

Borschel, Gregory H.; Dow, Douglas E.; Dennis, Robert G.; Brown, David L.

doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000224295.54073.49

Cited by 65 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, a number of studies have utilized the foreignbody response to promote the formation of vascularized tissue surrounding the muscle construct (Saxena et al 2001;Beier et al 2006;Tanaka et al 2000). Others have employed the co-culture of myoblasts and endothelial cells to create a vascularized muscle construct in vitro (Levenberg et al 2005;Borschel et al 2006). Interestingly, acellular ECM scaffolds have been shown to promote angiogenesis.…”

Section: Importance Of Vascularization Innervation and Mechanical Lomentioning

confidence: 95%

Regeneration of skeletal muscle

2011

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Skeletal muscle has a robust capacity for regeneration following injury. However, few if any effective therapeutic options for volumetric muscle loss are available. Autologous muscle grafts or muscle transposition represent possible salvage procedures for the restoration of mass and function but these approaches have limited success and are plagued by associated donor site morbidity. Cell-based therapies are in their infancy and, to date, have largely focused on hereditary disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. An unequivocal need exists for regenerative medicine strategies that can enhance or induce de novo formation of functional skeletal muscle as a treatment for congenital absence or traumatic loss of tissue. In this review, the three stages of skeletal muscle regeneration and the potential pitfalls in the development of regenerative medicine strategies for the restoration of functional skeletal muscle in situ are discussed.

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Section: Importance Of Vascularization Innervation and Mechanical Lomentioning

confidence: 95%

Regeneration of skeletal muscle

2011

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“…A flow-through model has also been developed in which a silicone tube is longitudinally split to implant artery and vein vessels. Cells targeted to be incorporated into the forming 3D construct (Borschel et al 2006) have been mixed with biodegradeable gels and inserted into the chamber, such that the gel and cell mixture lies adjacent to the implanted vessels within the chamber (Messina et al 2005;Brown et al 2006). We and others have demonstrated survival and certain measures of function for cells mixed with biodegradable gels and implanted within the chambers within small mammals for formation of adipose cells (Messina et al 2005), skeletal muscle cells (Borschel et al 2006;Messina et al 2005) and myocardiac cells (Morritt et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cardiac cells implanted into a cylindrical, vascularized chamber in vivo: pressure generation and morphology

et al. 2008

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We have previously described a model to implant dissociated cells into a cylindrical, vascularized bed in vivo to promote the formation of functional cardiac muscle constructs. We now investigate the cellular organization and the ability of the constructs to generate intra-luminal pressure. Primary cardiac cells were isolated from hearts of 2-3 day old rats, suspended in fibrin gel and inserted into the lumen of silicone tubing. The silicone tubing was then implanted around the femoral vessels in the groin region of recipient animals. After 3 weeks, the constructs were harvested, placed in an in vitro bath and cannulated via the incorporated femoral artery with a pressure transducer for evaluation of intra-luminal pressure dynamics. Histological evaluation showed the presence of a concentric ring of cardiac cells surrounding the femoral vessels. There was also a significant amount of collagen present around cardiac cells. In addition, we observed a significant amount of neovascularization of the explanted constructs. Electron microscopy showed the presence of longitudinally aligned fibers with a large number of gap junctions. Upon electrical stimulation of a single pulse (7 V, 1.2 ms), the constructs generated an intra-luminal pressure of 1.19 +/- 0.45 mmHg (n = 6). In addition, we were able to electrically pace the constructs at frequencies of 0.5-5 Hz. A Starling behavior of the inverse relation between baseline pressure and twitch pressure was observed. Cardiac cells implanted for 3 weeks into the cylindrical vascularized bed formed a tissue construct that demonstrated many of the contractile properties and morphology expected of functioning cardiac tissues.

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“…Therefore, frequently cell lines are used such as C2C12, which are satellite cells of C3H mice (Dennis et al, 2001;Borschel et al, 2004;Levenberg et al, 2005;Riboldi et al, 2005;Huang et al, 2006a;Boontheekul et al, 2007;Matsumoto et al, 2007). Also, satellite cells harvested from the soleus muscle of rats are used for TE of muscle tissue (Dennis and Kosnik, 2000;Beier et al, 2004;Stern-Straeter et al, 2005;Das et al, 2006;Borschel et al, 2006;Larkin et al, 2006;Bach et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2006b;Boontheekul et al, 2007). Other muscles harvested for TE research include the latissimus dorsi and rectus femoris of rats (Kamelger et al, 2004), the flexor digitorum brevis of rats (De Coppi et al, 2005), the tibialis anterior of rats (Dennis et al, 2001;Huang et al, 2005;Boontheekul et al, 2007), the extensor digitorum longus of mice (Dennis et al, 2001), the human masseter (Lewis et al, 2000;Sinanan et al, 2004;Shah et al, 2005;Stern-Straeter et al, 2008;Brady et al, 2008a) and brachioradialis (Alessandri et al, 2004) and the iliofibularis from female Xenopus laevis frogs (Jaspers et al, 2006) (Table 2).…”

Section: Progenitor Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It might be that potent stimuli, such as chemotropic, electrical and mechanical stimulation, which are necessary for differentiation of myoblasts into muscle fibres, were lacking in the experiments of Bach et al (2006). Third, Borschel et al (2006) implanted engineered skeletal muscle constructs around femoral vessels in rats. This led to the formation of vascularized skeletal muscle tissue which, when electrically stimulated, produced a longitudinal specific force of 35.4 ± 62.2 N/m 2 .…”

Section: Vascularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current opportunities and challenges in skeletal muscle tissue engineering

Koning¹,

Harmsen²,

Luyn³

et al. 2009

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

144

108

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The purpose of this article is to give a concise review of the current state of the art in tissue engineering (TE) of skeletal muscle and the opportunities and challenges for future clinical applicability. The endogenous progenitor cells of skeletal muscle, i.e. satellite cells, show a high proneness to muscular differentiation, in particular exhibiting the same characteristics and function as its donor muscle. This suggests that it is important to use an appropriate progenitor cell, especially in TE facial muscles, which have a exceptional anatomical and fibre composition compared to other skeletal muscle. Muscle TE requires an instructive scaffold for structural support and to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. Current literature suggests that optimal scaffolding could comprise of a fibrin gel and cultured monolayers of muscle satellite cells obtained through the cell sheet technique. Tissue-engineered muscle constructs require an adequate connection to the vascular system for efficient transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products. Finally, functional and clinically applicable muscle constructs depend on adequate neuromuscular junctions with neural cells. To reach this, it seems important to apply optimal electrical, chemotropic and mechanical stimulation during engineering and discover other factors that influence its formation. Thus, in addition to approaches for myogenesis, we discuss the current status of strategies for angiogenesis and neurogenesis of TE muscle constructs and the significance for future clinical use.

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Tissue-Engineered Axially Vascularized Contractile Skeletal Muscle

Abstract: Three-dimensional, vascularized skeletal muscle can be engineered in vivo. The resulting tissues have histologic and functional properties consistent with native skeletal muscle.

Cited by 65 publications

References 25 publications

Regeneration of skeletal muscle

Regeneration of skeletal muscle

Cardiac cells implanted into a cylindrical, vascularized chamber in vivo: pressure generation and morphology

Current opportunities and challenges in skeletal muscle tissue engineering

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