Regeneration of skeletal muscle

Abstract

Skeletal muscle has a robust capacity for regeneration following injury. However, few if any effective therapeutic options for volumetric muscle loss are available. Autologous muscle grafts or muscle transposition represent possible salvage procedures for the restoration of mass and function but these approaches have limited success and are plagued by associated donor site morbidity. Cell-based therapies are in their infancy and, to date, have largely focused on hereditary disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. An unequivocal need exists for regenerative medicine strategies that can enhance or induce de novo formation of functional skeletal muscle as a treatment for congenital absence or traumatic loss of tissue. In this review, the three stages of skeletal muscle regeneration and the potential pitfalls in the development of regenerative medicine strategies for the restoration of functional skeletal muscle in situ are discussed.

Heparinized collagen scaffolds with and without growth factors for the repair of diaphragmatic hernia

“…11,12,22 Although we observed in this study blood vessels at the lung side of growth factor loaded scaffolds, we did not observe statistically significant cellular effects of VEGF and/or HGF inside the scaffolds. In another study on diaphragm repair, VEGF-loaded porous silica gel (with or without myoblasts) on acellular diaphragmatic matrix led to increased vascularity but also increased inflammatory response, contraction and fibrotic tissue.…”

CD8 T Cells Are Involved in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration through Facilitating MCP-1 Secretion and Gr1high Macrophage Infiltration

“…S keletal muscle injury induced by trauma, contraction, chemicals, ischemia, and neurologic dysfunctions is a relatively common injury (1). The injured skeletal muscle has a remarkable capability to repair through regenerating new muscle fibers.…”

Biologic-free mechanically induced muscle regeneration

“…In response to minor injuries, skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable capacity for regeneration. Small exercise-induced tears, lacerations, and contusions typically heal without therapeutic intervention (1,2). However, severe injuries resulting in a muscle mass loss of greater than 20% can lead to extensive fibrosis and loss of muscle function (2).…”

“…Small exercise-induced tears, lacerations, and contusions typically heal without therapeutic intervention (1,2). However, severe injuries resulting in a muscle mass loss of greater than 20% can lead to extensive fibrosis and loss of muscle function (2). Unfortunately, traumatic injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents, aggressive tumor ablation, and prolonged denervation are common clinical situations and frequently lead to volumetric muscle loss (2)(3)(4).…”

“…However, severe injuries resulting in a muscle mass loss of greater than 20% can lead to extensive fibrosis and loss of muscle function (2). Unfortunately, traumatic injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents, aggressive tumor ablation, and prolonged denervation are common clinical situations and frequently lead to volumetric muscle loss (2)(3)(4). Although surgical reconstruction can lead to improved outcomes, this technique typically does not fully regenerate lost muscle tissue, and often leads to donor site morbidity (5,6).…”