Tissue Distribution of Estrogen Receptors Alpha (ER-α) and Beta (ER-β) mRNA in the Midgestational Human Fetus

Brandenberger, A. W.; Tee, Meng Kian; Lee, Janet Y.; Chao, Victor A.; Jaffe, Robert B.

doi:10.1210/jcem.82.10.4400

Cited by 137 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…In addition, ERβ was observed in the smooth muscle cells of the caput and corpus epididymis. Our results are consistent with the findings of studies performed on human testis (Brandenberger et al, 1997;Takeyama et al, 2001) and suggest that the effects of oestrogens, predominantly via ERβ, may play an important role in the development of the male reproductive organs, but not in the early stage. The presence of ERα in the efferent ducts in the porcine fetus corresponds with receptor localisation in newborn piglets (Nielsen et al, 2001), goat (Goyal et al, 1997) and rodents (Hess et al, 1997;Nielsen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) in porcine embryos and fetuses at different stages of gestation

Knapczyk

Duda

Szafrańska

et al. 2008

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The sites of oestrogen action can be shown by the localisation of their receptors in the target tissues. The aim of the present study was to show the localisation of oestrogen receptors in porcine embryos and fetuses obtained on days 18, 22, 32, 40, 50, 60, 71 and 90 post coitum (p.c.). The visualisation of proteins was conducted in embryos and various fetal organs such as gonads, uterus, lung, kidney, intestine and adrenal gland. Both ERs were observed in the blastocysts on day 18 p.c. In the male, ERβ was detected in the testis and epididymis, whereas ERα was present in the efferent ductules. In the female, ERβ was detected in the ovarian stromal cells investing the oocyte nests, while ERα protein was detected in the surface epithelium. In the uterus, ERs were present in the stromal cells, while ERβ was present in the luminal epithelium. In the non-reproductive fetal porcine tissues ERβ was localised in the lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands and in the umbilical cords. Both ERs were observed in the intestine. It is possible that ERβ may play important roles in the development of the adrenal gland, testis, kidney and lungs, while both ERs are involved in the development of the ovary, uterus, epididymis and intestine of the porcine fetus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) in porcine embryos and fetuses at different stages of gestation

Knapczyk

Duda

Szafrańska

et al. 2008

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…50) On the other hand, Zhou et al 44) showed that E 2 treatment of MSC cells from OVXed and sham-operated mouse resulted in a decrease in ERb mRNA and protein expression which was accompanied by upregulation of osteogenic genes. In our present study we were unable to detect the ERb mRNA of the same basepair length reported in the literature, 33) either because they are expressed at a low level to be detectable or are not present in the SaOS-2 cell cultures. Therefore, the involvement of ERb in the E 2 action in our system can be excluded.…”

Section: )contrasting

confidence: 72%

“…The quantitative differences between cDNA samples were calculated after normalising in the corresponding GAPDH PCR product. The primers for ERa 32) and ERb 33) were chosen in the N-terminal A/B region, spanning one intron from published sequences as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Added Intermittently, but Not Continuously, Stimulates Differentiation and Bone Formation in SaOS-2 Cells

Rao

Liu

Murray

et al. 2003

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Estrogen deficiency has been established as the major cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis, a condition resulting from a disturbance in bone remodelling. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue with a consequent risk of fracture and debilitation.1,2) Treatment with estrogen (E 2 ) can prevent the loss of bone among osteoporotic women, 3,4) and is the treatment of choice among postmenopausal women for the prevention of osteoporosis. 5) In spite of the accepted use of estrogen in the prevention of osteoporosis, the mechanisms involved in its action are still unclear. It is thought that the major effect of estrogen in vivo is inhibition of resorption, 6) but effects on bone formation have been reported in lower species. [7][8][9][10][11] More recently, studies 12,13) showing a sustained stimulation of osteoblast function in postmenopausal women who were exposed for prolonged period to relatively high doses of estrogen, may suggest that estrogen also has an effect on bone formation in humans. 6,14,15) Others still view the anabolic effect of estrogen as being controversial.16) If indeed estrogen has anabolic effect in vivo, its mechanism of action requires elucidation.Although a direct action of estrogen on cells of the osteoblast lineage has now been demonstrated the cellular and molecular mechanisms of its action are still not fully delineated. 17,18) Because of the notion that presence of low number of estrogen receptors in osteoblasts cause the negligible or often absence of responses to estrogen, manipulations have been carried out to increase the low abundance of estrogen receptor number in human osteoblasts, and the resultant cell models have been used to study the effects of estrogen. 19,20) The other way to increase estrogen receptor is by allowing the cells to differentiate in culture as we have done. 21-24)Thus, we have shown that the immunohistochemically detectable classical estrogen receptors (ERa), were detected in greater number in the more differentiated SaOSϩDex cells grown in the presence of dexamethasone compare with the less differentiatiated SaOSϪDex cells grown in its absence. 21)Furthermore, we have shown that the effect of estrogen on alkaline phosphatase activity, in combination with other hormones, is enhanced in the more differentiated cells, [22][23][24] confirming that high level of ERa increased the response of the cells to estrogen. By culturing SaOSϩDex cells in the presence of ascorbic acid, and b-glycerophosphate in order to obtain even more differentiated osteoblastic cells that have the property of mineralizing in culture, we were able to study the effects of hormones including parathyroid hormone (PTH) 25) and estrogen 26) as well as the effect of extracellular calcium 27) on mineralized bone nodule formation. Thus, as we have recently reviewed 17) and reported in a rapid communication, 28) we found that estrogen has a direct effect on bone formation in SaOS-2 cells when added intermittently. In this study, we repo...

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“…103 In humans, studies of ERs expression in the fetus, which is exposed to high estrogen levels, 104,105 from the 20th to the 38th gestational week, in the definitive zone of the adrenal cortex showed higher levels of ERβ than ERα mRNA. 104 The predominant ERβ expression was confirmed in…”

Section: Expression Of Ers In the Normal Adrenal Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Signaling in the Adrenal Cortex

et al. 2016

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Tissue Distribution of Estrogen Receptors Alpha (ER-α) and Beta (ER-β) mRNA in the Midgestational Human Fetus

Cited by 137 publications

References 0 publications

Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) in porcine embryos and fetuses at different stages of gestation

Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) in porcine embryos and fetuses at different stages of gestation

Estrogen Added Intermittently, but Not Continuously, Stimulates Differentiation and Bone Formation in SaOS-2 Cells

Estrogen Signaling in the Adrenal Cortex

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