Tissue Distribution, Maternal Transfer, and Age-Related Accumulation of Dechloranes in Chinese Sturgeon

Abstract

While dechloranes have been detected in environmental media and wildlife, limited information was available on their tissue distribution in wildlife. Syn-dechlorane plus (syn-DP), anti-DP, syn-undecachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (syn-Cl(11)DP), anti-Cl(11)DP, dechlorane 602, dechlorane 603 and mirex were measured in 13 organs of 17 female Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Dechloranes were detected in all tissues and the highest concentrations of total dechloranes were detected in heart (87 pg/g ww, 4.5-645 pg/g ww), followed by adipose (61 pg/g ww, 14-531 pg/g ww) and eggs (57 pg/g ww, 13-261 pg/g ww). The tissue distribution of DP was mainly determined by lipid partition, while Dec 602 and Dec 603 preferred to accumulate in the intestine and stomach. The values of f(anti) (the concentration of anti-DP relative to the sum concentration of DP) in maternal tissues (0.72 ± 0.03 in muscle) were significantly higher than those found in eggs (0.65 ± 0.04) (p < 0.001), while f(anti-Cl11DP) (the concentration of anti-Cl(11)DP relative to the sum concentration of Cl(11)DP) in maternal tissues (0.59 ± 0.10 in muscle) was significantly lower than that in eggs (0.75 ± 0.13) (p < 0.05). High maternal transfer efficiencies of dechloranes were observed in eggs, which accounted for 49% of the total body burden, and the ratios of concentrations in eggs to maternal tissues (EMR) for mirex, Dec 602, Dec 603, syn-Cl(11)DP, anti-Cl(11)DP, syn-DP, and anti-DP were 18, 8.8, 5.2, 2.6, 5.2, 5.5 and 3.7, respectively, which are dependent on their K(OW) values (r = -0.66, p < 0.01). Negative age-related trends were observed for mirex, Dec 603, syn-Cl(11)DP and anti-Cl(11)DP in eggs (R(2) = 0.28-0.38, p = 0.02-0.05), which were possibly due to their high transfer efficiencies to eggs from maternal body (49%).

Sources and environmental behaviors of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds — A review

“…Therefore, these two hypotheses are still needed to be confirmed. DP dechlorination products were commonly reported in biota including human tissues, the levels were generally much lower than those of DP (Ben et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2011Chen et al, , 2013aGuerra et al, 2011;Mo et al, 2013;Muñoz-Arnanz, et al, 2011Peng et al, 2012Peng et al, , 2014Sun et al, 2012;Yan et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2011b;Zheng et al, 2010Zheng et al, , 2014. However, an extremely high level was observed in a fresh water food web around DP facility in Huai'an, China, where the concentrations of anti-Cl 10 -DP and anti-Cl 11 -DP was 84.4 ng g −1 lw and 1030 ng g −1 lw, respectively .The dechlorinated products of DP in biota were mainly attributed to accumulation from the external habitat environment rather than internal metabolism, although the gender difference observed in some cases suggested that anti-Cl 11 -DP in the human body may be partly formed from in vivo dechlorination of the anti-isomer (Yan et al, 2012).…”

Species-Specific Bioaccumulation of Halogenated Organic Pollutants and Their Metabolites in Fish Serum from an E-Waste Site, South China

“…Tissue-specific accumulation of DP could be one reason for this discrepancy (Peng et al 2012;Zeng et al 2014). In addition, fish sizes for both mud carp and northern snakehead in the study of Wu et al (2010b) (5-18.1 cm) were much smaller than those in the present study (23-32 cm).…”

Sex-dependent accumulation and maternal transfer of Dechlorane Plus flame retardant in fish from an electronic waste recycling site in South China

“…This is likely due to the preferential accumulation of DP Table 1 The medians and ranges (in parentheses) of lipid content (%), concentrations of syn-, anti-, and anti-Cl 11 -DP (ng/g lipid) and f anti values in liver and eggs of northern snakehead and crucian carp collected from an e-waste recycling site in South China. in the liver compared to other tissues or organs (Zhang et al, 2011b;Peng et al, 2012). To date, only one study reported DP concentrations in fish eggs (Peng et al, 2012).…”

“…in the liver compared to other tissues or organs (Zhang et al, 2011b;Peng et al, 2012). To date, only one study reported DP concentrations in fish eggs (Peng et al, 2012). In that study, levels of 0.4e13 (median: 6.3) pg/g wet weight for P DP were detected in eggs of Chinese sturgeon (A. sinensis) collected from the Yangtze River in China, which were 3 orders of magnitude lower than those in the present fish (medians of 6.2 and 3.3 ng/g wet weight in eggs of northern snakehead and crucian carp, respectively).…”

“…They may also be vertically transferred in the lipid stores of oocytes, and the offspring can be exposed to these chemicals during the critical earliest stages of embryogenesis. However, except for one report which found high maternal transfer efficiencies of DP and its dechlorinated products in an anadromous fish, Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), collected from the Yangtze River in China (Peng et al, 2012), no knowledge is currently available on maternal transfer of DP in wildlife. Yet such information is very important for the risk assessment of potential adverse effects of DP on wildlife.…”