Tissue Culture of Rat Tympanal Mesenchyme

Foley, John F.; Guggenheim, Paul; Clements, Leo P.

doi:10.3109/00016486509127036

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Marovitz et al concluded that maintenance of a proper hormonal milieu is thus required for resorption of mesenchyme in the middle ear. Further evidence of environmental influence on middle ear mesenchyme comes from a report that rat middle ear mesenchyme cells isolated and cultured in vitro retain the ability to divide with no evidence of cell death or differentiation (Foley et al, 1965). Although molecular cues for cavitation are not yet known, pituitary hormones remain strong possibilities for initiators of the cavitation process critical to normal auditory function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in cavitation of middle ear space

Roberts¹,

Miller²

1998

Anat. Rec.

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Mesenchyme cells surround early ossicles in the developing middle ear, then are replaced by space that is created by what has been described as an expansion of the pharyngeal pouch. Cell death has not been considered important in cavitation of chick middle ear (Jaskoll and Maderson [1978] Anat. Rec., 190:177-200), but an uncharacterized form of cell death has been reported to play a major role in cavitation of mouse middle ear (Jaskoll [1977] PhD thesis, CUNY). We investigated whether this uncharacterized cell death is the non-random form known as apoptosis. We examined the middle ear cavitation process using an in situ immunomarker for apoptosis. CBy RF mice during prenatal days 15-20 and postnatal days 1-3 and chick embryos representing HH stages 33-38 were investigated. Apoptotic cells were marked in mouse postnatal day 1. No indication of apoptosis was present in other prenatal and postnatal days of development included in this study, although morphology showed that cavitation proceeds over several perinatal days in the mouse. Apoptosis was not marked in the chick middle ear. Previously observed cell death in murine middle ear is the non-random form of cell death known as apoptosis. Cell death has not been reported in avian middle ear, and lack of apoptotic marker supports those observations. The limited occurrence of apoptosis in mice and apparent absence of apoptosis in chicks suggest that several mechanisms contribute to cavitation of vertebrate middle ear space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in cavitation of middle ear space

Roberts¹,

Miller²

1998

Anat. Rec.

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“…In this scenario, the mesenchyme retracts and forms the lining of the middle ear cavity and the mastoid air spaces [31] (figure 2c). Since then many scientists have published either in support of the endodermal model [32,33] or the mesenchymal model [34][35][36], although it is overwhelmingly the endodermal model that is described in textbooks. However, there are a number of problems with the endodermal model, principally that the middle ear cavity is not empty but contains a number of obstacles (the ossicles, blood vessels and nerves) which might prevent an epithelium expanding through as a continuous sheet.…”

Section: Making An Air-filled Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Major evolutionary transitions and innovations: the tympanic middle ear

Tucker¹

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One of the most amazing transitions and innovations during the evolution of mammals was the formation of a novel jaw joint and the incorporation of the original jaw joint into the middle ear to create the unique mammalian three bone/ossicle ear. In this review, we look at the key steps that led to this change and other unusual features of the middle ear and how developmental biology has been providing an understanding of the mechanisms involved. This starts with an overview of the tympanic (air-filled) middle ear, and how the ear drum (tympanic membrane) and the cavity itself form during development in amniotes. This is followed by an investigation of how the ear is connected to the pharynx and the relationship of the ear to the bony bulla in which it sits. Finally, the novel mammalian jaw joint and versatile dentary bone will be discussed with respect to evolution of the mammalian middle ear.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.

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“…The signals that trigger this MET are unknown but could involve mechanical as well as signalling cues. When early postnatal rat middle ear mesenchyme is cultured in vitro, mesenchymal cells from the attic change their stellate shape and adopt an epithelial morphology after 8 days (Foley et al, 1965), suggesting that the process of MET occurs spontaneously in this context. Interestingly, the epithelioid cells revert to a stellate form when sub-cultured, suggesting that the MET that occurs in culture does not induce a permanent state and highlighting the potential flexibility of these cells (Foley et al, 1965).…”

Section: The Middle Earmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial transitions: the role of EMT and MET during head development

Milmoe

Tucker

2021

Development

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Within the developing head, tissues undergo cell-fate transitions to shape the forming structures. This starts with the neural crest, which undergoes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form, amongst other tissues, many of the skeletal tissues of the head. In the eye and ear, these neural crest cells then transform back into an epithelium, via mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), highlighting the flexibility of this population. Elsewhere in the head, the epithelium loses its integrity and transforms into mesenchyme. Here, we review these craniofacial transitions, looking at why they happen, the factors that trigger them, and the cell and molecular changes they involve. We also discuss the consequences of aberrant EMT and MET in the head.

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Tissue Culture of Rat Tympanal Mesenchyme

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Apoptosis in cavitation of middle ear space

Apoptosis in cavitation of middle ear space

Major evolutionary transitions and innovations: the tympanic middle ear

Craniofacial transitions: the role of EMT and MET during head development

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