“…The same survey also shows that out of the companies that innovated in product or process, 97.3% are micro, small and medium enterprises. Recent studies have examined the implementation of open innovation practices by enterprises (Vrande, Jong, Vanhaverbeke, & Rochemont, 2009;Dahlander & Gann, 2010;Chiaroni, Chiesa, & Frattini, 2011;Carvalho & Sugano, 2016), evaluating its impact on the performance of companies of different sizes (Spithoven, Vanhaverbeke, & Roijakkers, 2013), and the different strategies of knowledge acquisition and appropriation (Brunswicker & Vanhaverneke, 2015;Freel & Robson, 2016). However, it is not clear in these and other studies which are the mechanisms used in the coordination of collaborative R&D practices, especially in the context of SMEs.…”