TiOx thin films grown on Pd(100) and Pd(111) by chemical vapor deposition

Farstad, Mari Helene; Ragazzon, Davide; Grönbeck, Henrik; Strømsheim, Marie Døvre; Stavrakas, C.; Gustafson, Johan; Sandell, A.; Borg, A.

doi:10.1016/j.susc.2016.02.002

Cited by 12 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A higher initial Ti content has been chosen intentionally to compensate for Ti segregation into the Pd(111) bulk upon high‐temperature treatment. [ 23 ] Upon annealing, the ultrathin Ba–Ti–O at temperatures above 900 K in UHV, a second oxide species is formed at the surface, which is recognized most prominently in the Ti 2p region. The bottom spectra of Figure 1a shows the spectrum for the initially 5 Å thin Ba–Ti–O film upon multiple annealing cycles to a maximum temperature of 1030 K in UHV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiphase Domain Boundary Formation in 2D Ba–Ti–O on Pd(111): An Alternative to Phase Separation

Wührl

Krahn

Schenk

et al. 2021

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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2D oxide quasicrystals (OQCs) are unique structures arising from atoms positioned at the vertices of a dodecagonal triangle–square–rhombus tiling. The prototypical example for OQCs is derived from BaTiO3 on Pt(111). Herein, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED) investigations of 2D oxide layers derived from BaTiO3 on Pd(111) are reported. Upon ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) annealing, different long‐range ordered structures are observed with a base of four vertex atoms forming two edge‐sharing equilateral triangles. By a periodic repetition of this base in either quadratic or rectangular unit cells, a triangle–square tiling (known as σ‐phase approximant or 32.4.3.4 Archimedean tiling) or a triangle–rhombus tiling is formed. Both structures vary strongly in their vertex density. In addition, the formation of antiphase domain boundaries in the σ phase is observed resulting in a well‐ordered incorporation of rhombuses in the triangle–square tiling. A systematic variation of the frequency of these domain boundaries is identified as a mechanism for an incremental increase in the global vertex density, mediating between pure triangle–square and triangle–square–rhombus tilings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiphase Domain Boundary Formation in 2D Ba–Ti–O on Pd(111): An Alternative to Phase Separation

Wührl

Krahn

Schenk

et al. 2021

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…Previously, we have investigated the structure and oxidation state of TiO x thin films grown on Pd(111) and Pd(100) using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) as the precursor. Figure summarizes the results obtained by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (HRPES) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) . For each surface, two different TiO x phases were distinguished, in addition to a Pd–Ti alloy phase which formed during the initial stages of growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TiO 2 supported Pd particles have been considered as a catalyst for the water–gas shift reaction − and also for hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol . Unlike Au/TiO 2 , the Pd/TiO 2 system displays strong metal–support interaction (SMSI). − Heating Pd particles supported on TiO 2 in a reducing atmosphere has been reported to produce a reduced titania layer (TiO x , x < 2) on the metal particles. , The thin film termed “zigzag” on the Pd(111) particles strongly resembles the TiO x phase observed on the Pd(100) single crystal . This TiO x overlayer may potentially suppress the catalytic activity if it persists during catalytic reaction conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation and Reduction of TiO_x Thin Films on Pd(111) and Pd(100)

et al. 2017

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Thin films of TiO on Pd(100) and Pd(111) have been investigated with respect to their properties after oxidation and reduction cycles. High-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) have been applied to characterize the thin film oxidation states and structure before and after oxidation and reduction under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Fully oxidized TiO films were formed on both surfaces. These structures display Moiré patterns in LEED, in one dimension for Pd(100) and in two dimensions for Pd(111), and they have previously not been reported for TiO/Pd. The oxidation process causes strong reduction in the interaction between the oxide thin film and the Pd substrate, most significantly for Pd(111). Reversible oxidation/reduction cycling of TiO thin films on Pd(111) and Pd(100) was possible.

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“…Titanium sub-oxides can be grown by a series of methods, including low-energy ion bombardment [8], pulsed layer deposition [9,10], a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method [11], sol-gel combined with the energy-efficient vacuum-carbothermic (SF-VC) process [6], and a sputtering method [12][13][14]. Among all the deposition techniques, reactive HiPIMS has the capability to grow titanium sub-oxides thin films with alterable oxidation states such as TiO, Ti 2 O 3 , Ti 3 O 5 , and TiO 2 crystals with minor oxygen concentration on TiO 2 thin film [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Characteristic and Antibacterial Activity of Ti3Ox Thin Films

Widyastuti

Chiu

et al. 2021

Catalysts

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A pure Ti target in Ar/O2 gas mixture was used to synthesize Ti3Ox thin film on a glass substrate by Reactive High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) under different sputtering power (2 and 2.5 kW). The influence of HiPIMS parameters on thin films’ structural, morphological, chemical composition, optical and photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties was investigated. In this study, Ti3Ox thin films can be synthesized using the HiPIMS method without the post-annealing process. Two co-existence phases (hexagonal Ti3O and base-centered monoclinic Ti3O5 phases) existed on the Ti3Ox films. It is found that the peak intensity of (006) Ti3O hexagonal slightly increased as the sputtering power increased from 2 to 2.5 kW. The Ti3Ox thin-film bandgap values were 3.36 and 3.50 eV for 2 and 2.5 kW, respectively. The Ti3Ox films deposited at 2.5 kW showed good photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation, with a higher methylene blue dye degradation rate than TiO2 thin films. The antibacterial study on Ti3Ox thin films exhibited a high inhibition percentage against E. coli and S. aureus. This study demonstrates that Ti3Ox thin films can promote high photocatalytic and antibacterial activity.

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TiOx thin films grown on Pd(100) and Pd(111) by chemical vapor deposition

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Antiphase Domain Boundary Formation in 2D Ba–Ti–O on Pd(111): An Alternative to Phase Separation

Antiphase Domain Boundary Formation in 2D Ba–Ti–O on Pd(111): An Alternative to Phase Separation

Oxidation and Reduction of TiO_x Thin Films on Pd(111) and Pd(100)

A Study on the Characteristic and Antibacterial Activity of Ti3Ox Thin Films

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TiOx thin films grown on Pd(100) and Pd(111) by chemical vapor deposition

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Antiphase Domain Boundary Formation in 2D Ba–Ti–O on Pd(111): An Alternative to Phase Separation

Antiphase Domain Boundary Formation in 2D Ba–Ti–O on Pd(111): An Alternative to Phase Separation

Oxidation and Reduction of TiOx Thin Films on Pd(111) and Pd(100)

A Study on the Characteristic and Antibacterial Activity of Ti3Ox Thin Films

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Oxidation and Reduction of TiO_x Thin Films on Pd(111) and Pd(100)