“…The foams were decorated with TiO 2 nanotube arrays by electrochemical anodization in ethylene glycol (anhydrous, 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich) containing 18.3 vol % deionized water and 0.3 wt % ammonium fluoride (NH 4 F, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich). The electrolyte pretreatment was performed as detailed in our previous reports. , Anodization was carried out at 40 V and room temperature (about 22 °C) for 3 h. The as-anodized foams were rinsed with ethanol and dried in air and then annealed at 450 °C for 3 h in a furnace (LE 14/11/B150, Nabertherm). To obtain superhydrophobic channels, the annealed foams were immersed in n -hexane (99%, Adamas) containing 0.5 vol % trichloro(1 H ,1 H ,2 H ,2 H -perfluorooctyl)silane (TPFS, 97%, Sigma-Aldrich) for 30 min and then annealed under a nitrogen atmosphere at 110 °C for 1 h.…”