TiO₂nanotube stimulate chondrogenic differentiation of limb mesenchymal cells by modulating focal activity

Abstract

Vertically aligned, laterally spaced nanoscale titanium nanotubes were grown on a titanium surface by anodization, and the growth of chondroprogenitors on the resulting surfaces was investigated. Surfaces bearing nanotubes of 70 to 100 nm in diameter were found to trigger the morphological transition to a cortical actin pattern and rounded cell shape (both indicative of chondrocytic differentiation), as well as the up-regulation of type II collagen and integrin β4 protein expression through the down-regulation of Erk activity. Inhibition of Erk signaling reduced stress fiber formation and induced the transition to the cortical actin pattern in cells cultured on 30-nm-diameter nanotubes, which maintained their fibroblastoid morphologies in the absence of Erk inhibition. Collectively, these results indicate that a titanium-based nanotube surface can support chondrocytic functions among chondroprogenitors, and may therefore be useful for future cartilaginous applications.

Comprehensive Characterization of Titania Nanotubes Fabricated on Ti–Nb Alloys: Surface Topography, Structure, Physicomechanical Behavior, and a Cell Culture Assay

“…This correlation between the anodization potential and the cell proliferation is mostly associated with the NT diameter. According to the literature, smaller diameter NTs lead to higher cell proliferation. − In our work, NTs obtained at 30 V anodization had an inner diameter of ∼40 nm, whereas the NTs obtained at 60 V had a pore diameter of ∼100 nm for all substrates. As a result, the highest proliferation of hMSCs was observed for NTs obtained at 30 V anodization.…”

“…Additionally, it is vital to evaluate the influence of TiO 2 NTs and the anodization voltage, which is responsible for tube morphology, on the cell adhesion and proliferation. NTs have been widely explored for use as cell culture substrates in tissue engineering applications due to their mechanical, electrical, and optical properties . The biological performance of Ti–Nb substrates with and without deposition of NTs was evaluated via the assessment of hMSC adhesion and proliferation.…”

“…NTs have been widely explored for use as cell culture substrates in tissue engineering applications due to their mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. 68 The biological performance of Ti−Nb substrates with and without deposition of NTs was evaluated via the assessment of hMSC adhesion and proliferation. First, the effect of the Nb composition (Ti−5Nb, Ti−25Nb, or Ti−50Nb) and anodization voltage (0, 30, and 60 V) on the hMSC adhesion was investigated.…”

Determining the relative importance of titania nanotubes characteristics on bone implant surface performance: A quality by design study with a fuzzy approach

“…For example, by controlling macrophage cell response it is possible to enhance the healing process, by promoting a reparative rather than a chronic inflammatory response [176] at bone/dental implants. Furthermore, it has been shown that cell adhesion, migration and proliferation are higher with TNTs between 15nm and 30 nm diameter [177][178][179][180], whereas cell apoptosis is induced with TNTs diameters between 50nm to 100nm [14, 177,180,181]. However, contradictory results have been reported by other studies [172,[182][183][184] demonstrating that TNTs with diameters between 80nm to 470nm increase cell adhesion, migration and cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis.…”

Differential chondro- and osteo-stimulation in three-dimensional porous scaffolds with different topological surfaces provides a design strategy for biphasic osteochondral engineering

“…This cell adhesion event, significantly enhanced in the nanofibrous scaffolds, can alter the subsequent cellular behaviors such as increased cell spreading and early differentiation, which has been reported to be detrimental to the maintenance of the chondrogenic phenotypes. 29,37–39…”