Tinnitus: Etiology and Management

Risk Factors for Tinnitus in a Population of Older Adults: The Blue Mountains Hearing Study

“…The most frequently reported risk factors include poorer hearing thresholds or hearing loss (Chung, Gannon, & Mason, 1984;Hazell, 1990;Lindberg, Lyttkens, Melin, & Scott, 1984;Luxon, 1993;Marion & Cevette, 1991;Rosenhall & Karlsson, 1991;Stouffer & Tyler, 1990) and noise exposure (Axelsson, & Sandh, 1985;Chung et al, 1984;Coles, Davis, & Smith, 1990;Dalton, Cruickshanks, Wiley, Klein, Klein, & Tweed, 2001;McShane, Hyde, & Alberti, 1988;Meikle, & Taylor-Walsh, 1984;Rosenhall, & Karlsson, 1991;Smoorenburg, 1993;Stouffer, & Tyler, 1990). Increasing age (Coles et al, 1990;Peifer, Rosen, & Rubin, 1999), drug-induced ototoxicity (Seligmann et al, 1996), dietary factors (Paaske, Pedersen, Kjems, & Sam, 1991;Sourgen, & Ross, 1998), alcohol consumption, hypertension, elevate blood lipids, liver diseases, cervical arthrosis and socioeconomic factors (Quaranta, Assennato, & Sallustio, 1996) have also been reported to increase the risk of tinnitus.…”

The prevalence and phenomenology of auditory hallucinations among elderly subjects attending an audiology clinic

“…Many of these subjects who heard humming or buzzing would probably be considered to have clinical tinnitus. However, in the literature, the distinction between tinnitus and auditory hallucinations is not clear (Shulman et al, 1991;Peiger et al, 1999;Tyler, 2000). Moreover, in our data (Figure 1), subject reports fell on a continuum from elementary tinnituslike experiences (e.g.…”

Effect of statins on hearing function and subjective tinnitus in hyperlipidemic patients

“…Several causes, including hearing losses, drug use, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are blamed for the development of tinnitus. Hypertension and atherosclerosis are effective on the central nervous system microvascularity and cause high pitched subjective nonvibratory tinnitus that changes depending on the blood pressure [26]. In this study, which is an observational drug study, the patient population was a hyperlipidemic patient group; average age was 60 and tinnitus incidence was 29%.…”