Tinea Corporis Due to &lt;i&gt;Trichophyton erinacei&lt;/i&gt; Probably Transmitted from a Hedgehog

Kim, Jonghun; Tsuchihashi, Hitoshi; Hiruma, Masataro; Kano, Rui; Ikeda, Shigaku

doi:10.3314/mmj.18-00006

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In clinical practice, the name T. mentagrophytes is still used incorrectly to name dermatophytes that form powdery or cottony-white colonies with yellowish pigmentation on the back, and show multiseptate macroconidia, pyriform microconidia grouped in clusters, and spiral hyphae 3 . This error occurs for two reasons: first, dermatologists do not consider the possibility that all species comprising the T. mentagrophytes complex, including zoophilic fungi, can cause infection in humans 6 , and second, the identification of T. mentagrophytes is performed through the correlation of the clinical manifestations of the infection with a microscopic examination of the morphology, and eventually, in combination with physiological tests 10 , since these methods do not allow the differentiation between the four species of the T. mentagrophytes complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, nowadays, only five species are considered-T. mentagrophytes, T. interdigitale, T. erinacei, T quinckeanum, and T. benhamie-as well as nine different genotypes of T. mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale associated with the geographical origin and the source of infection 5 . These species differ with regards to their ecological preferences; for example, T. interdigitale is anthropophilic and produces dispersal aerial mycelium with numerous conidia, while T. mentagrophytes is zoophilic and produces powdery colonies 6 . Conventionally, T. mentagrophytes (sensu lato) is identified based on its macro and microscopic features, and sometimes, for its physiological characteristics (hair perforation and urease activity), particularly in the case of atypical isolates 7,8 ; however, the results are usually uncertain due to phenotypic variations among isolates, such as the mycelial growth rate, the colour (white or beige) and appearance of colonies (powdery or velvety), the number of microconidia, the presence or absence of spiral filaments, etc 9 .…”

Section: Ivyspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this strategy is insufficient and unsuitable to differentiate T. mentagrophytes from the rest of the species that can cause infection in humans; additionally, like T. interdigitale, it also produces velvety colonies. Therefore, to ensure the accuracy of the identification, the use of molecular methods is recommended in combination with morphological analyses 2,6,10,11 .…”

Section: Ivyspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification of isolates of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex

Frías-De-León¹,

Martínez‐Herrera²,

Atoche-Diéguez³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Background: The Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex is the second most common causal agent of dermatophytosis. It comprises five species-T. mentagrophytes, T. interdigitale, T. erinacei, T quinckeanum, and T. benhamie, as well as nine different genotypes of T. mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale-which are morphologically similar; however, their susceptibility to antifungal agents may differ. For targeted therapy and better prognosis, it is important to identify these species at a molecular level. However, since many hospitals lack molecular methods, the actual aetiology of dermatophytosis caused by this complex remains unknown. Objective: To characterize 55 anthropophilic isolates of the T. mentagrophytes complex recovered from a dermatological centre in Yucatán, Mexico. Material and methods: Fifty-five isolates of the T. mentagrophytes complex were obtained from patients with tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea barbae, and tinea unguium. They were characterized by their colonial and microscopic morphology on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and through the sequencing of a fragment from the region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. Results: All colonies grown on SDA were white. Forty-six isolates formed colonies with a powdery texture, while nine isolates formed colonies with a velvety texture. The micromorphological features were typical of the T. mentagrophytes complex. The molecular analysis revealed that 55 isolates were microorganisms that belonged to the T. mentagrophytes complex, that 46 formed powdery colonies representing T. mentagrophytes, and that the other nine isolates that formed velvety colonies represented T. interdigitale. The latter nine isolates were obtained from patients with tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea unguium. Conclusions: The colony morphology on SDA led to the identification of 46 isolates as T. mentagrophytes and nine isolates as T. interdigitale. At a molecular level, the species identified by their morphology were identified only as T. mentagrophytes complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ivyspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ivyspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular identification of isolates of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex

Frías-De-León¹,

Martínez‐Herrera²,

Atoche-Diéguez³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…The arthrospore is produced in tissue to the exclusion of conidia and is thought to be the mode of inter-animal transmission [27]. Trichophyton infections are reported most often in guinea pigs, and is common in dogs and cats, with other affected animal species including rabbits, hamsters, rats, chinchillas, and hedgehogs [28,[30][31][32]. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which commonly infects animals can be broken down into three varieties: T. mentagrophytes var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amongst the varied classes represented, Eurotiomycetes is of particular importance as it includes Trichophyton amongst its many genera of pathogens. There is a prior report of A. benhamiae or T. mentagrophytes in a family of NAP in a Japanese zoo, and T. mentagrophytes was isolated from a South African porcupine, though it is important to note that the South African porcupine is not a closely related species to NAP [32,39]. There is a single case report outlining cutaneous mycosis in an individual NAP due to infection with the yeast-like Aureobasidium pullulans [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010–2017

et al. 2019

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Twelve wild North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) out of a total of 44 of this species examined in an 8-year period were diagnosed with dermatopathies while being cared for at two wildlife rehabilitation clinics. Biopsy and necropsy were performed on seven and five animals, respectively. Atypical dermatophytosis was diagnosed in all cases. Lesions consisted of diffuse severe epidermal hyperkeratosis and mild hyperplasia with mild lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis and no folliculitis. Dermatophytes were noted histologically as hyphae and spores in hair shafts, and follicular and epidermal keratin. Trichophyton sp. was grown in 5/6 animals where culture was performed, with a molecular diagnosis of Arthroderma benhamiae/Trichophyton mentagrophytes in these five cases. Metagenomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from three cases identified fungi from 17 orders in phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Alteration of therapy from ketaconazole, which was unsuccessful in four out of five early cases, to terbinafine or nitraconazole led to the resolution of disease and recovery to release in four subsequent animals. In all, six animals were euthanized or died due to dermatopathy, no cases resolved spontaneously, and six cases were resolved with therapy. The work we present demonstrates an atypical lesion and anatomical distribution due to dermatophytosis in a series of free-ranging wild porcupines and the successful development of novel techniques for extracting and sequencing nucleic acids from fungus in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded animal tissue.

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