Tinea capitis: temporal shift in pathogens and epidemiology

Ziegler, Wiebke; Lempert, Sigrid; Goebeler, Matthias; Kolb‐Mäurer, Annette

doi:10.1111/ddg.12885

Cited by 25 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Children were prone to have MG in the head and neck (85.7%), and M. canis is a common pathogen (50.0%). Considering that tinea capitis, a cutaneous dermatophyte infection of the scalp, is found mainly in children, and M. canis was the most frequently identified as its causative organism, MG in the head and neck by M. canis could be dominant in children, compared with the other groups. T. violaceum was found in one patient, who was an 8‐year‐old boy…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of immune status, age, and sex on Majocchi granuloma: a review of 52 cases from a tertiary level hospital and published Korean cases in literature

Ohn

Mun

2017

Int J Dermatology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of immune status, age, and sex on Majocchi granuloma: a review of 52 cases from a tertiary level hospital and published Korean cases in literature

Ohn

Mun

2017

Int J Dermatology

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“…Dermatophytosis is a widespread superficial skin mycosis known to affect more than 20%e25% of the human population, making it the most common fungal infection (Havlickova et al, 2008;Seebacher et al, 2008;Zhan and Liu, 2016). Among the different fungi causing dermatophytosis in humans, Trichophyton benhamiae (formerly Arthroderma benhamiae) (de Hoog et al, 2016) is a zoophilic dermatophyte shown to cause acute inflammatory infections (Nenoff et al, 2014a;Zhan and Liu, 2016;Ziegler et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th1 and Th17 Immune Responses Act Complementarily to Optimally Control Superficial Dermatophytosis

Heinen

Cambier

Antoine

et al. 2019

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Dermatophytoses are among the most common fungal infections worldwide but little is known about the immune response in them. By comparing Trichophyton benhamiae acute superficial dermatophytosis in WT and Rag2 mice, we showed that TCR-mediated immunity is critical for fungal clearance and clinical recovery. In WT mice, CD4+ T-cells isolated from the skin-draining lymph nodes exhibit both Th1 and Th17 differentiation during infection, with regard to produced cytokines or mRNA levels of transcription factors. Using IL-17A- and IFN-γ-deficient mice, we showed that IL-17A and IFN-γ are individually dispensable, but together contribute to the optimal resolution of dermatophytosis. Furthermore, we generated and infected IL-17A and IFN-γ double-deficient mice and showed that both fungal clearance and clinical recovery were much lower in these mice than in single-deficient mice, suggestive of the complementary roles of the two cytokines in dermatophytosis resolution. Thus, our data suggest that TCR-mediated immunity is critical for the optimal control of superficial dermatophytosis and that adaptive immunity is polarized to both Th1 and Th17 responses, with the Th17 antifungal response acting on dermatophyte clearance and the Th1 one being involved in both fungal clearance and Th17-inflammation down-modulation.

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“…A similar increasing prevalence of these pathogens has been reported in European countries, such as Italy . A German study showed that T. violaceum and T. soudanense were responsible for 3.2% of tinea infections from 1990 to 2002 and 7.2% of infections from 2002 to 2014 . A retrospective analysis from Switzerland showed that 41% of the tinea capitis cases between 2006 and 2013 were caused by either T. violaceum or T. soudanense .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Rochester, Minnesota, United States

et al. 2018

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Background Tinea capitis is a common pediatric dermatophyte infection. Its main pathogen in the United States is Trichophyton tonsurans accounting for greater than 95% of the infections. Other pathogens including Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense are common in Africa. Although rare in the United States, their prevalence is increasing, possibly because of immigration patterns. We evaluated the demographic characteristics, treatments, and resolution among pediatric patients with T. violaceum and T. soudanense infections. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients from Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, United States, with cultures positive for T. violaceum and T. soudanense from 1997 to 2014. Age at presentation, ethnic background, date and location of culture, and treatment were extracted. Results In total, 81 children (age <18 years) were identified as positive for T. violaceum and T. soudanense (mean [range] age, 6.0 [1-17] years). Race/ethnicity of 67 patients (82.7%) was African; four, African-American; three, white; two, Asian; and five, unknown. After culture identification, 64 patients (79.0%) received griseofulvin; five, terbinafine; and three, itraconazole; nine patients had no documented oral antifungal therapy. Of 28 patients not lost to follow-up, median time to clinical cure was 2.3 months (interquartile range, 2.8 months).

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Tinea capitis: temporal shift in pathogens and epidemiology

Abstract: Although Microsporum canis infections still predominate, there has been an increase in anthropophilic pathogens. Given the unexpectedly high percentage of adults, tinea capitis should be included in the differential diagnostic considerations in all age groups.

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

The influence of immune status, age, and sex on Majocchi granuloma: a review of 52 cases from a tertiary level hospital and published Korean cases in literature

The influence of immune status, age, and sex on Majocchi granuloma: a review of 52 cases from a tertiary level hospital and published Korean cases in literature

Th1 and Th17 Immune Responses Act Complementarily to Optimally Control Superficial Dermatophytosis

Pediatric tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Rochester, Minnesota, United States

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