Timing, quantification and tectonic modelling of Pliocene–Quaternary movements in the NW Himalaya: evidence from fission track dating

Jain, Arvind K.; Kumar, Devender; Singh, Sandeep; Kumar, Ashok; Lal, Nand

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00133-3

Cited by 99 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The cooling and exhumation history can be reconstructed based on these fission-track dates, revealing the geological evolution of a site. Researchers have previously used fission track dating to resolve numerous geological problems in tectonothermal evolution (Fellin et al 2006;Liu et al 2009), collisional orogeny (Liu et al 2000, magmatic activity (Yang et al 1995(Yang et al , 2003, crust exhumation and mountain uplift (Jain et al 2000;Garver et al 2005;Wang et al 2007; Lee et al 2010), fault action (Tagami 2005;Yuan et al 2006), and provenance studies (Carter and Moss 1999). Although many researchers have recently reported ZFT dates for the Tibetan Plateau, the thermo-chronological research on the Qiangtang block remains relatively scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesozoic and Cenozoic Cooling History of the Qiangtang Block, Northern Tibet, China: New Constraints from Apatite and Zircon Fission Track Data

Song¹,

Wang²,

Fu³

et al. 2013

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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This study used a new set of zircon and apatite fission track ages to quantitatively document the tectonic evolution and cooling histories of the Qiangtang block of the central Tibetan Plateau. The results indicate that the Qiangtang block underwent three cooling stages at ~148 -73, ~50 -20, and ~20 -0 Ma. The three-stage cooling history and tectonic exhumation were controlled by the closure of the Bangong-Nujiang Suture during the Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous, the India-Asia collision in the Paleogene, and the underthrusting of the India Plate during the Late Cenozoic. In addition to revealing the Late JurassicLate Cretaceous cooling events, the annealing patterns of the zircon fission track samples indicate different burial depths, which may help identify the Jurassic basin characteristics of the Qiangtang block. The apatite fission track (AFT) ages range from 60 ± 5 Ma to 26 ± 3 Ma, with a mean age of 44 Ma. These ages indicate that the Cenozoic exhumation of the Qiangtang block may have started in the Eocene. Inverse modeling of the AFT data shows that the Qiangtang block had a relatively slow cooling rate of approximately 0.5 -1°C Myr -1 from 50 to 20 Ma. After ~20 Ma, most of the samples show evidence for a rapid cooling stage with a cooling rate of 4 -6°C Myr -1 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesozoic and Cenozoic Cooling History of the Qiangtang Block, Northern Tibet, China: New Constraints from Apatite and Zircon Fission Track Data

Song¹,

Wang²,

Fu³

et al. 2013

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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“…1). From structural pxoint of view, the Higher Himalaya has been referred as the 'Higher Himalayan Shear Zone' (HHSZ) by the Roorkee school (Jain and Anand 1988;Jain and Manickavasagam 1993;Manickavasagam et al 1999;Jain et al 2000Jain et al , 2002Jain et al , 2005aMukherjee 2007Mukherjee , 2008; Mukherjee and Koyi 2009b) and recently as an 'orogenic channel' by the tectonic modelers at Dalhousie (e.g. Beaumont et al 2001Beaumont et al , 2004Jamieson et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Himalayan Shear Zone, Sutlej section: structural geology and extrusion mechanism by various combinations of simple shear, pure shear and channel flow in shifting modes

Mukherjee

Koyi

2009

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

140

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The Higher Himalayan Shear Zone (HHSZ) in the Sutlej section reveals (1) top-to-SW ductile shearing, (2) top-to-NE ductile shearing in the upper-and the lower strands of the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS U , STDS L ), and (3) top-to-SW brittle shearing corroborated by trapezoid-shaped minerals in micro-scale. In the proposed extrusion model of the HHSZ, the E 1 -phase during 25-19 Ma is marked by simple shearing of the upper subchannel defined by the upper strand of the Main Central Thrust (MCT U ) and the top of STDS U as the lower-and the upper boundaries, respectively. Subsequently, the E 2a -pulse during 15-14 Ma was characterized by simple shear, pure shear, and channel flow of the entire HHSZ. Finally, the E 2b -pulse during 14-12 Ma observed simple shearing and channel flow of the lower sub-channel defined by the lower strand of the Main Central Thrust (MCT L ) and the top of the STDS L as the lower-and the upper boundaries, respectively. The model explains the constraints of thicknesses of the STDS U and the STDS L along with spatially variable extrusion rate and the inverted metamorphism of the HHSZ. The model predicts (1) shear strain after ductile extrusion to be maximum at the boundaries of the HHSZ, which crudely matches with the existing data. The other speculations that cannot be checked are (2) uniform shear strain from the MCT U to the top of the HHSZ in the E 1 -phase; (3) fastest rates of extrusion of the lower boundaries of the STDS U and the STDS L during the E 2a -and E 2b -pulses, respectively; and (4) variable thickness of the STDS L and rare absence of the STDS U . Non-parabolic shear fabrics of the HHSZ possibly indicate heterogeneous strain. The top-to-SW brittle shearing around 12 Ma augmented the ductile extruded rocks to arrive a shallower depth. The brittle-ductile extension leading to boudinage possibly did not enhance the extrusion.

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“…However, erosion gained recent importance as an effective alternative mechanism in climatic-wet active convergence zones, where fluvial drainage system removes the eroded detritus 4,5 . In the Himalayan domain, tectonically driven exhumation is caused by ductile thrusting along the Main Central Thrust (MCT) 6,7 , fold amplification 7 , out-of-sequence thrusting, Himalayan discontinuities 8 , and crustal overthrusting along the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) and its ramp-flat geometry 9 , while its northern boundary underwent exhumation by extensional faulting 10,11 . Alternatively, architecture of the Himalaya has resulted from a combination of tectonics, focused precipitation, climatedriven erosion and/or recent glacially enhanced denudation 5,9,12 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation of the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith, and the India–Asia Convergence

Kumar¹,

Jain²,

Lal³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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Timing, quantification and tectonic modelling of Pliocene–Quaternary movements in the NW Himalaya: evidence from fission track dating

Cited by 99 publications

References 38 publications

Mesozoic and Cenozoic Cooling History of the Qiangtang Block, Northern Tibet, China: New Constraints from Apatite and Zircon Fission Track Data

Mesozoic and Cenozoic Cooling History of the Qiangtang Block, Northern Tibet, China: New Constraints from Apatite and Zircon Fission Track Data

Higher Himalayan Shear Zone, Sutlej section: structural geology and extrusion mechanism by various combinations of simple shear, pure shear and channel flow in shifting modes

Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation of the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith, and the India–Asia Convergence

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