Timing of amino acid-carbohydrate ingestion alters anabolic response of muscle to resistance exercise

Tipton, Kevin D.; Rasmussen, Blake B.; Miller, Sanford A.; Wolf, Steven E.; Owens-Stovall, Sharla K.; Petrini, Bart E.; Wolfe, Robert R.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.2.e197

Cited by 419 publications

(418 citation statements)

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“…Esmarck et al (140) concluded that the intake of a protein supplement immediately after each bout of resistance-type exercise was required for skeletal muscle hypertrophy to occur with a 12-week intervention in the elderly. Although the absence of any hypertrophy in the control group seems to conflict with previous studies that show muscle hypertrophy following resistance training without any dietary intervention, the proposed importance of nutrient timing is supported by more recent studies investigating the impact of AA or protein co-ingestion prior to, during and/or after exercise on the acute muscle protein synthetic response (141,142) . Verdijk et al (117) compared increases in skeletal muscle mass and strength following 3 months of resistance exercise training with or without protein ingestion prior to and immediately after each exercise session in elderly males.…”

Section: Long-term Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Koopman

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Ageing is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to the loss of functional capacity and an increased risk for developing chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results from a chronic disruption in the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. As basal muscle protein synthesis rates are likely not different between healthy young and elderly human subjects, it was proposed that muscles from older adults lack the ability to regulate the protein synthetic response to anabolic stimuli, such as food intake and physical activity. Indeed, the doseresponse relationship between myofibrillar protein synthesis and the availability of essential amino acids and/or resistance exercise intensity is shifted down and to the right in elderly human subjects. This so-called 'anabolic resistance' represents a key factor responsible for the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass. Interestingly, long-term resistance exercise training is effective as a therapeutic intervention to augment skeletal muscle mass, and improves functional performance in the elderly. The consumption of different types of proteins, i.e. protein hydrolysates, can have different stimulatory effects on muscle protein synthesis in the elderly, which may be due to their higher rate of digestion and absorption. Current research aims to elucidate the interactions between nutrition, exercise and the skeletal muscle adaptive response that will define more effective strategies to maximise the therapeutic benefits of lifestyle interventions in the elderly. Sarcopenia: Nutrition: Exercise training: Muscle hypertrophyThe preservation of muscle function is crucial for maintaining an independent lifestyle and the capacity to perform the activities of daily living in the elderly. One of the important factors in the loss of functional performance is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing, called 'sarcopenia' (1)(2)(3) . This apparent muscle wasting in elderly human subjects occurs at a rate of about 0 . 5-1 . 0% per year starting at about 40 years of age. Lean muscle mass contributes up to about 50% of the total body mass of young adults but can decline to 25% by 75-80 years of age (4,5) . The loss of muscle mass is most notable in the lower limb muscles, with the cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis reduced by as much as 40% at the age of 80 years (6) . Sarcopenia is associated with a three-to fourfold increased likelihood of disabilities and the loss of muscle mass especially in the lower limbs is associated with an increased risk of falls and impairment in the ability to perform routine activities.The loss of muscle mass is viewed as a largely inevitable and undesirable consequence of ageing (7) , with muscle loss estimated to affect 30% of people older than 60 years and >50 % of those older than 80 years (1) . Demographic studies indicate that the world's population aged 60 years and above will triple within the next 50 years, and the su...

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Section: Long-term Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Koopman

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Throughout the intervention, each training session was preceded by a 5 minutes general warm-up (cycling or running), followed by two lower body warm-up sets prior to lower body exercises and two upper body warm-up sets prior to upper body exercises, as described in Rønnestad et al (2007). During each warm-up session, each subject ingested a 50g Squeezy Recovery bar (Squeezy AS, Loddefjord, Norway), containing 15g milk protein, ensuring a muscle growth-stimulating nutritional status (Tipton et al 2001). Training intensity, measured as numbers of RMs, was increased similarly in 3U1L and 1L3U, as described in Rønnestad et al (2007): weeks 1-2, 10RM; weeks 3-5, 8RM; weeks 6-12, 7RM.…”

Section: Insert Table 1 Around Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women

Ellefsen¹,

Vikmoen²,

Slettaløkken³

et al. 2014

Eur J Appl Physiol

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This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Ellefsen, S., Vikmoen, O., Slettaløkken, G., Whist, J. E., Nygård, H., Hollan, I.... Rønnestad, B. (2014). Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women. MethodsEighteen untrained women performed 12 weeks of progressive whole body heavy strength training, with measurement of strength, body composition, expression of irisin-related genes (FNDC5 and PGC1α) in two different skeletal muscles, and levels of serum-irisin and -thyroid hormones, before and after the training intervention. ResultsThe strength training intervention did not result in changes in serum-irisin or muscle FNDC5 expression, despite considerable effects on strength, lean body mass (LBM) and skeletal muscle phenotype. However, our data indicate that training affects irisin biology in a LBM-dependent

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“…Tipton et al (17) , por exemplo, demonstraram apenas que o aumento da síntese proteica após o exercício poderia estar relacionado com o maior do fluxo sanguíneo para a musculatura exercitada, após a sessão de treino. Porém, neste estudo não foi feita nenhuma avaliação ou inferência da participação da síntese endógena NO na resposta de vasodilatação.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Suplementação proteica não aumenta a concentração plasmática de óxido nítrico em homens saudáveis

Moraes

Aoki²,

Araújo

et al. 2009

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Suplementos nutricionais, supostamente, capazes de potencializar a produção endógena de óxido nítrico (NO) têm experimentado crescente popularidade entre os indivíduos fisicamente ativos. Diante da carência de informações sobre o assunto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um suplemento comercial à base de proteínas e aminoácidos sobre a produção endógena de NO. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída de 12 homens sedentários, mas sem fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. O protocolo de suplementação foi conduzido conforme o arranjo experimental duplo-cego cruzado. ABSTRACTNutritional supplements, theoretically able to increase endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production have experienced great popularity among physically active individuals. Aim: scientific evidence available regarding this issue is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary supplement commercialized as a nitric oxide booster. Materials and methods: twelve sedentary men with no risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were supplemented with placebo or protein in two different occasions. The present study was conducted in a cross double-blind design. In order to assess plasmatic NO concentration, blood samples were obtained before (24hs and immediately before) and after (30 and 60 minutes) consumption of placebo (PLA) or protein supplement (SP INTRODUÇÃOOs mecanismos responsáveis pela hipertrofia muscular, em resposta ao treinamento de força, não estão, totalmente, elucidados (1) . Estudos recentes sugerem que esse tipo de exercício promove o acúmulo de substâncias (ex.: lactato) no meio intra e extracelular, que seriam capazes de desencadear a ativação do sistema simpático e a liberação de hormônios hipofisários (2,3) . O acúmulo desses metabólitos seria responsável por traduzir a sobrecarga utilizada no treinamento em estímulo para a síntese proteica adaptativa (4) . Vale ressaltar que não existem estudos que relacionem o efeito das alterações agudas no perfil hormonal/metabólico em resposta ao treino de força e a adaptação crônica (longo prazo) induzida por esse tipo de treinamento físico (2) . Nesse contexto, várias teorias foram elaboradas para explicar como essas respostas agudas estimulariam a hipertrofia do músculo esquelético. Considerando os possíveis mecanismos fisiológi-cos envolvidos nesse processo, alguns autores propuseram a hipótese da supercirculação. Esta sugere que o incremento do fluxo sanguíneo para o músculo seria um dos estímulos que poderiam potencializar a hipertrofia (5) . No caso do treinamento de força, esse aumento na circulação ocorreria, predominantemente, ao término do exercício. Essa resposta resultaria em maior aporte de nutrientes e hormônios para o músculo, bem como a remoção acelerada de subprodutos do metabolismo.O NO é um vasodilatador endógeno que tem sido investigado, com crescente interesse, devido a seu possível envolvimento nos efeitos cardioprotetores promovidos pelo exercício (6) . Com base na hipótese da supercirculação, suplementos nutri...

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Timing of amino acid-carbohydrate ingestion alters anabolic response of muscle to resistance exercise

Cited by 419 publications

References 29 publications

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women

Suplementação proteica não aumenta a concentração plasmática de óxido nítrico em homens saudáveis

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