Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women

Ellefsen, Stian; Vikmoen, Olav; Slettaløkken, Gunnar; Whist, Jon Elling; Nygaard, Håvard; Hollan, Ivana; Rauk, I.; Vegge, Geir; Strand, Tor A.; Raastad, Truls; Rønnestad, Bent R.

doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2922-x

Cited by 78 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…3). These findings are consistent in part with the previous reports that exercise could increase the production of irisin from FNDC5 (Ellefsen et al 2014;Liu et al 2015;Nygaard et al 2015). However, the FNDC5 protein levels were significantly decreased after 2-h recovery, despite the increase in its mRNA levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Time-Dependent Changes in Increased Levels of Plasma Irisin and Muscle PGC-1<i>α</i> and FNDC5 after Exercise in Mice

Pang¹,

Yang²,

Rao³

et al. 2018

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Exercise induces the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscle, which promotes the cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) to irisin. To explore the relationship between irisin and its regulators, we analyzed the plasma irisin levels and the muscle levels of FNDC5 and PGC-1α after exercise. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent a treadmill exercise (60% of VO 2max ) for 30 min or one hour (h), and blood and gastrocnemius samples were collected before exercise (pre-exercise), immediately after exercise, and during 24-h recovery after 1-h exercise. We found that plasma irisin levels were significantly increased during exercise (P < 0.05), while FNDC5 protein levels were not significantly increased. Moreover, PGC-1α mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased during 30-min exercise, but were decreased during 1-h exercise. After 1-h exercise, the irisin levels peaked at 6 h (20.71 ± 0.25 ng/ml) and decreased to pre-exercise levels by 24 h (15.45 ± 0.27 ng/ml). Likewise, PGC-1α mRNA and protein levels were increased at 1 h and maintained at elevated levels for 6 h; thereafter, the expression levels of PGC1-α protein were decreased to pre-exercise levels at 12 h. Thus, the restoration of PGC-1α expression to the pre-exercise levels was followed by the decrease in plasma irisin levels. By contrast, during 24-h recovery, the expression levels of FNDC5 mRNA and protein were maintained at elevated levels. These results suggest that the coordinated expression of FNDC5 and PGC-1α may contribute to the increased levels of plasma irisin after exercise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Time-Dependent Changes in Increased Levels of Plasma Irisin and Muscle PGC-1<i>α</i> and FNDC5 after Exercise in Mice

Pang¹,

Yang²,

Rao³

et al. 2018

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…In the present study, the correlation between irisin and TSH levels was not significant. In line, Stengel et al [34] and Ellefsen et al [35] reported lack of associations between levels of irisin, TSH and/or thyroid hormones in euthyroid individuals. However, Ruchala et al [27] observed a negative correlation between irisin and TSH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Circulating Irisin Concentrations in Rat Models of Thyroid Dysfunction — Effect of Exercise

Samy

Ismail²,

Nassra

2015

Metabolism

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“…27 While these intriguing data suggested a role for irisin in response to exercise training in both mice and humans, results from several follow up studies came to varying conclusions. 27,33,[43][44][45][46][47][48] These studies have all addressed the questions of whether exercise training increases circulating irisin concentrations and some of the investigations determined if exercise-induced increases in irisin cause a beiging of scWAT in humans. A combined endurance and strengthtraining program in male subjects had no effect on circulating irisin concentrations, 33 although interestingly, and as discussed above, these training programs only resulted in modest, if any increase in beiging of scWAT.…”

Section: Irisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 In contrast, strength training for 12 wks in women ages 20-32 y that resulted in increased lean body mass and improved strength did not result in changes in circulating irisin concentration. 43 In another study, young, healthy women preformed vibration exercise, a moderate intensity exercise that resembles shivering. While a single bout of vibration exercise resulted in a statistically significant~2-fold increase in circulating irisin, there was no effect of 6 wks of vibration exercise on serum irisin concentrations.…”

Section: Irisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise regulation of adipose tissue

2016

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Exercise training results in adaptations to numerous organ systems and offers protection against metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes, and recent reports suggest that adipose tissue may play a role in these beneficial effects of exercise on overall health. Multiple studies have investigated the effects of exercise training on both white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), as well as the induction of beige adipocytes. Studies from both rodents and humans show that there are exercise training-induced changes in WAT including decreased cell size and lipid content, and increased mitochondrial activity. In rodents, exercise training causes an increased beiging of WAT. Whether exercise training causes a beiging of human scWAT, as well as which factors contribute to the exercise-induced beiging of WAT are areas of current investigation. Studies investigating the effects of exercise training on BAT mass and function have yielded conflicting data, and hence, is another area of intensive investigation. This review will focus on studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms regulating exercise training induced-adaptations to adipose tissue.

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Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women

Cited by 78 publications

References 48 publications

Time-Dependent Changes in Increased Levels of Plasma Irisin and Muscle PGC-1<i>α</i> and FNDC5 after Exercise in Mice

Time-Dependent Changes in Increased Levels of Plasma Irisin and Muscle PGC-1<i>α</i> and FNDC5 after Exercise in Mice

Circulating Irisin Concentrations in Rat Models of Thyroid Dysfunction — Effect of Exercise

Exercise regulation of adipose tissue

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