Timing hypothesis for postmenopausal hormone therapy

Clarkson, Thomas B.; Meléndez, Giselle C.; Appt, Susan E.

doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3182843aad

Cited by 135 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…17,18 Hence, the vasculature could also be more responsive to exercise training during this period. In support of this suggestion, the vascular response to infusion of epoprostenol and acetylcholine increased with exercise training in the postmenopausal women and this effect of training was not different from that of the premenopausal women.…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along these lines, the beneficial effects of estrogen supplementation in terms of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are most pronounced during the peri-and early postmenopausal years when estrogen receptors (ERs) or other compensatory mechanisms may function. 17,18 To what extent the beneficial effects of exercise training on vascular function are preserved in the early postmenopausal phase is currently not known.…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Postmenopausal Phase Is Associated With Reduced Prostacyclin-Induced Vasodilation That Is Reversed by Exercise Training

et al. 2016

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The postmenopausal phase is associated with an accelerated rate of rise in the prevalence of vascular dysfunction and hypertension; however, the mechanisms underlying these adverse vascular changes and whether exercise training can reverse the decline in vascular function remains unclear. We examined the function of the vascular prostanoid system in matched pre- and postmenopausal women before and after 12 weeks of exercise training. Twenty premenopausal and 16 early postmenopausal (3.1±0.5 [mean±SE] years after final menstrual period) women only separated by 4 (50±0 versus 54±1) years of age were included. Before the training period, the vasodilator response to intra-arterial infusion of either the prostacyclin analog epoprostenol or acetylcholine was lower (≈13%–41%; P <0.05) in the postmenopausal compared with the premenopausal women. Acetylcholine infusion induced a similar release of prostacyclin (6-keto prostaglandin F 1a ). To elucidate the role of vasoconstrictor prostanoids, acetylcholine infusion was combined with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac and here the vascular response to acetylcholine was reduced to a similar extent in pre- and postmenopausal women. Exercise training increased ( P <0.05) the vasodilator response to epoprostenol (≈100%–150%) and acetylcholine (≈100%–120%) infusion in the postmenopausal group. These findings demonstrate that the early postmenopausal phase is associated with a marked reduction in vascular function. Despite of a reduced sensitivity to prostacyclin, the overall balance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor prostanoids does not seem to be altered. Exercise training can reverse the decline in vascular sensitivity to epoprostenol and acetylcholine, suggesting that beneficial vascular adaptations with exercise training are preserved in recent postmenopausal women.

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Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Postmenopausal Phase Is Associated With Reduced Prostacyclin-Induced Vasodilation That Is Reversed by Exercise Training

et al. 2016

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“…ЖСС, оцениваемая по СРПВ, является незави-симым предвестником общей смерти от ССЗ, фатальных и нефатальных коронарных осложнений, фатальных ин-сультов у пациентов с АГ, сахарным диабетом (СД) 2-го типа, хронической почечной недостаточностью (ХПН), пожилых лиц, а также в общей популяции [23].…”

Section: апоптоз и старениеunclassified

Vascular aging in menopausal women and a cardiovascular risk

Журавель¹,

Balan²,

Ткачева³

et al. 2015

Ross. vestn. akush.-ginekol.

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Благодаря успехам современной медицины, в связи со снижением рождаемости и увеличением продолжи-тельности жизни в XXI веке население экономически вы-сокоразвитых стран стареет. Среди болезней старения и причин смертности у женщин доминируют сердечно-со-судистые заболевания (ССЗ) и их осложнения. Многочис-ленные исследования посвящены изучению одной из важнейших возрастных проблем -изменению с возрас-том эластических свойств сосудов, нарастанию жесткости крупных артериальных стволов, что рассматривается как один из маркеров сосудистого старения. Биомеханиче-ские свойства сосудов, в частности показатель упруговяз-кого состояния артерий, скорость распространения пуль-совой волны (СРПВ) рассматриваются в качестве одного из критериев биологического возраста, поскольку, демон-стрируя тесную зависимость с хронологическим возрас-том в совокупности с другими критериями, описывают замедленный либо ускоренный тип старения человека. Представлены существующие в настоящее время теории старения: эволюционная теория о генетически запрограмми-рованном старении, свободнорадикальная, митохондриальная, теломерная, элевационная, иммунологическая теории, гипотеза о существовании генетической программы самоуничтожения. Рассмотрены особенности сосудистого старения, развития заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы у женщин от менархе до менопаузы. Подчеркнуто, что ригидность стенки артерий напрямую связана со скоростью распространения пульсовой волны, определение которой является «золо-тым стандартом» измерения этой ригидности и может быть использовано как фактор прогноза смерти от сердечно-сосу-дистых заболеваний.Авторы информируют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Ключевые слова: теории старения, риск развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, жесткость сосудистой стенки, менопаузальная гормональная терапия, климактерический синдром, скорость распространения пульсовой волны.The review presents currently existing aging theories, such as an evolutionary theory of genetically programmed aging; freeradical, mitochondrial, telomere, elevation, and immunological theories; and a hypothesis for a genetic self-destruction program. It considers the specific features of vascular aging, the development of cardiovascular diseases in women from menarche to menopause. Arterial wall stiffness is emphasized to be directly related to the propagation velocity of a pulse wave, the determination of which is the gold-standard measure of this stiffness and may be used as a factor for prediction of cardiovascular death. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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“…This notion was supported by experimental studies in monkeys in which hormone therapy was effective in slowing atherosclerosis when administered soon after surgical menopause whereas the benefit was lost if therapy was delayed until plaques had developed (226) This prompted further analyses of the combined data from both the observational and clinical trial arms of WHI according to age and years since menopause.…”

Section: Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 82%

“…The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study which followed 654 postmenopausal for a median of The timing hypothesis remains controversial; however the protective effect of estrogens in perimenopausal or early postmenopausal women for the treatment of menopausal symptoms which may in turn slow down the progression of atherosclerosis seems convincing (226). Taken together, these observations seem plausible since newly menopausal women have fewer thrombotic modifications to their vasculature due to healthier vascular endothelium which is also more resistant to thrombosis (96), and thereby might benefit from the protective effect of estrogen.…”

Section: Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease among diabetic women with bilateral oophorectomy.

Appiah

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Timing hypothesis for postmenopausal hormone therapy

Cited by 135 publications

References 83 publications

Early Postmenopausal Phase Is Associated With Reduced Prostacyclin-Induced Vasodilation That Is Reversed by Exercise Training

Early Postmenopausal Phase Is Associated With Reduced Prostacyclin-Induced Vasodilation That Is Reversed by Exercise Training

Vascular aging in menopausal women and a cardiovascular risk

Cardiovascular disease among diabetic women with bilateral oophorectomy.

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