Timeliness of vaccination and its effects on fraction of vaccinated population

Akmatov, Manas K.; Kretzschmar, Mirjam; Krämer, Alexander; Mikolajczyk, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.031

Cited by 89 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Several studies have identified the need to assess timeliness of vaccination, since only considering vaccination levels at a given age overestimates protection. 14,15,17 Currently, timeliness is not routinely used as an indicator to evaluate immunization programs in Alberta and elsewhere in Canada. 20,21 Recently, the Canadian…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 In countries with high vaccination uptake, timeliness is also an important public health goal, as non-adherence to recommended vaccination schedules could undermine the benefits of immunization at both the individual and population level. Despite this, only the United States has closely monitored timeliness, 7,8,[10][11][12] with just a few studies from Europe [13][14][15] and one from Australia. 1 Little is known about timeliness of vaccination in Canada as only one study has examined "up-to-date" status of children under two years of age in Nova Scotia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timeliness and completeness of routine childhood vaccinations in children by two years of age in Alberta, Canada

Saini

MacDonald

McNeil

et al. 2017

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: Assessing timeliness and completeness of vaccine administration is important for evaluating the effectiveness of immunization programs. Few studies have reported timeliness, particularly in Canada. The objective of this study was to examine timeliness of the receipt of vaccination for each routine childhood recommended vaccine by 24 months of age among children in a community-based pregnancy cohort in Calgary, Alberta.METHODS: Survey data from a community-based pregnancy cohort in Alberta were linked to Public Health vaccination records of children (n = 2763). The proportion of children receiving early, timely, delayed, or no vaccination was calculated. A dose was considered early if it was administered before the recommended age in days as per the vaccination schedule, timely if administered at any time from start of recommended age in days to age in days when delay counts were initiated, and delayed if it was administered on or after age in days when delay counts were initiated. Series completion rates were also calculated. RESULTS:For multi-dose vaccines, over 80% of children had timely doses at 2, 4 and 6 months. By 12 months, this proportion decreased to 65% (95% CI: 63%-66%) for meningococcal conjugate group C, 61% (95% CI: 59%-62%) for measles antigen-containing vaccines and 64% (95% CI: 62%-65%) for varicella antigen-containing vaccines. At 18 months, only 55% (95% CI: 53%-56%) of the children had a timely 4 th dose of diphtheria, acellular pertussis, tetanus, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. Eventual series completion rate for all recommended vaccines was 77% (95% CI: 75%-79%). CONCLUSION:The timeliness and completeness of routine childhood vaccination in preschool children in this community-based pregnancy cohort is lower than provincial targets. Data on timeliness of vaccination can inform further work on barriers and enablers to vaccination in order to meet provincial targets.KEY WORDS: Vaccination; immunization; timeliness; completeness; child La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Timeliness and completeness of routine childhood vaccinations in children by two years of age in Alberta, Canada

Saini

MacDonald

McNeil

et al. 2017

Can J Public Health

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“…Some studies have suggested that timeliness of receipt of vaccines be a part of the assessment of immunisation programmes (Hull & McIntyre, 2006;Luman et al, 2005;Akmatov et al, 2008). In fact, the World Health Organization suggests that the timely delivery of the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine be a performance indicator for hepatitis B immunisation programmes (WHO, 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to delay in commencement of immunization in Nigerian infants

Sadoh

Uduebor

et al. 2013

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Delay in receipt of immunisation may result in a child being susceptible to vaccine preventable diseases for prolonged periods. Identification of factors which contribute to delay in receipt of immunisation will help in developing targeted interventions. This study examined prospectively factors contributing to delay in the commencement of infant immunisation in Benin City, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 153 consecutive mothers of infants presenting for their first immunisation at the Institute of Child Health Child Welfare Clinic of the University of Benin, Benin City. Reasons for not presenting in the first 24 hours were ascertained and associations between various factors and delay in commencement of immunisation were examined. Of the 153 mothers only 2 (1.3%) brought their babies for immunisation within 24 hours of birth while 66 (43.1%) brought their babies in the first week of life. The most cited reason (30.3%) for not presenting within 24 hours of birth was that BCG, one of the immunisations that should be given at birth is given only on a specific day. Mothers who did not know that immunisation should commence at birth (P=0.0054), those from low socioeconomic class (P=0.0056) and those with less than 12 years of schooling (P=0.0001) were significantly less likely to bring their babies for immunisation in the first week of life. Delivery outside of health facilities was also associated with later presentation for immunisation (P=0.0069). In conclusion, there is significant delay in the receipt of birth doses of immunisation. Change in clinic practices to enable daily immunisation as well as education of health care personnel on the importance of timely commencement of immunisation will ensure timeliness of receipt of birth doses of vaccines. ____________________________________________________________________________________

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“…So, for example, while DTP3 coverage in Uzbekistan was estimated at 90%, on-time immunization for DTP3 was just 38%. 149 Similar concerns have arisen in Nigeria where further modelling suggests that just 6,000 deaths and 235,000 severe rotavirus infections could be prevented by immunization, which is only 15% of the rotavirus disease burden. This lower than expected estimate arises because a mere 22% of Nigerian infants receive their initial routine immunizations by 3 months of age.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…108 Recent studies from Central Asia found that vaccine coverage data for DTP3 frequently over-estimated age-appropriate immunization. 149 Of particular concern in this context are infants living in rural areas. In addition to being at greatest risk of dying from rotavirus gastroenteritis and malnutrition, rural infants from low-income countries are more likely to have their immunizations delayed by a month or more.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%