Time-Zone Effects

Siegel, Peter V.; Gerathewohl, Siegfried J.; Mohler, Stanley R.

doi:10.1126/science.164.3885.1249

Cited by 36 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A disruption of this sort can also take place when an individual keeps permanent night work schedules or participates in rotating shiftwork 40. Symptoms of jet lag include fatigue and general tiredness, sleep disruption, loss of concentration, loss of drive, gastrointestinal distress, loss of appetite, headaches, general malaise and various metabolic changes 34 40 41. When performing tasks, jet lag may result in lapses in mental attention and unusual errors in mental performance39 such as distorted estimation of time, space and distance 37.…”

Section: Jet Lagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of airline travel on performance: a review of the literature

Leatherwood

Dragoo

2012

Br J Sports Med

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The need for athletes to travel long distances has spurred investigation into the effect of air travel across multiple time zones on athletic performance. Rapid eastward or westward travel may negatively affect the body in many ways; therefore, strategies should be employed to minimise these effects which may hamper athletic performance. In this review, the fundamentals of circadian rhythm disruption are examined along with additional effects of airline travel including jet lag, sleep deprivation, travel at altitude and nutritional considerations that negatively affect performance. Evidence-based recommendations are provided at the end of the manuscript to minimise the effects of airline travel on performance.

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Section: Jet Lagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of airline travel on performance: a review of the literature

Leatherwood

Dragoo

2012

Br J Sports Med

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“…The 24-hour cycle of physiologic functions was apparently maintained during these Vostok missions, with the exception of the first and the last days, probably because of emotional strain. 36,37 In these early flights, astronaut sleep was scheduled at the usual nighttime hours in their respective premission points of origin. The first mission to adopt sleep in shifts and shift work was that of the three-man team in Voshkod-1 (15 orbits, 24.3 hours, October 12, 1964 37).…”

Section: Circadian Rhythms Sleep and Performance In Space: Early Obmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Space

Stampi

1994

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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This paper presents a detailed critical review of the knowledge accumulated in the last three decades concerning research on sleep, work-rest schedules, and circadian rhythms in space. The focus of the paper is preceded by a brief review of the basic principles of the human circadian system and the physiology of the sleep-wake cycle, relevant to understanding the problem of astronaut work-rest scheduling. Much of what is known is based on anecdotal reports, mission log books, and debriefing of astronauts after flights. The broad literature reviewed, which includes studies from American and Soviet space missions, as well as some studies conducted under simulated weightlessness, offers just a handful of objective studies on the physiology of sleep and circadian rhythms in space. Nevertheless, the data are remarkably consistent, and indicate that sleep can be of reasonably good quality in space. The risk of sleep loss and associated performance degradation appears to be a manageable one. However, one clear conclusion arises from this review: whatever the type of mission of flight plan, its success will depend on whether the principles of circadian and sleep-wake regulation have been taken into account during the planning phase of work-rest schedules. That is, satisfactory sleep and alertness is more likely to occur if crews maintain a reasonable (i.e., constant) relation with their normal terrestrial rhythm. This is not as easy a task as it may appear; indeed, unexpected, high-intensity operational demands have been the major cause of acute problems of sleep loss and performance degradation in space. Moreover, the growing complexity of space missions indicate that emergencies will never disappear. Therefore, one of the most important research challenges for future space missions is the development of strategies that could permit astronauts to function closest to maximal efficiency during intensive and prolonged work. Countermeasures for optimizing astronaut performance, as well as other factors affecting sleep and performance in space, are reviewed and discussed in detail in this paper.

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“…However, there is a potential difficulty in using this approach, since we would, in effect, be inducing jet-lag in the mice. It is well known that the disruption to the circadian system that is a consequence of jet-lag can impact on cognitive performance and health [11]–[12], as a result of de-synchronization between Zeitgebers and the endogenous clockwork. It has also been found that inducing experimental jet-lag in mice has deleterious effects on age at death, and that advances in the light cycle have a more profound effect than delays [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to Experimental Jet-Lag in R6/2 Mice despite Circadian Dysrhythmia

et al. 2013

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The R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease (HD) shows a disintegration of circadian rhythms that can be delayed by pharmacological and non-pharmacological means. Since the molecular machinery underlying the circadian clocks is intact, albeit progressively dysfunctional, we wondered if light phase shifts could modulate the deterioration in daily rhythms in R6/2 mice. Mice were subjected to four x 4 hour advances in light onset. R6/2 mice adapted to phase advances, although angles of entrainment increased with age. A second cohort was subjected to a jet-lag paradigm (6 hour delay or advance in light onset, then reversal after 2 weeks). R6/2 mice adapted to the original shift, but could not adjust accurately to the reversal. Interestingly, phase shifts ameliorated the circadian rhythm breakdown seen in R6/2 mice under normal LD conditions. Our previous finding that the circadian period (tau) of 16 week old R6/2 mice shortens to approximately 23 hours may explain how they adapt to phase advances and maintain regular circadian rhythms. We tested this using a 23 hour period light/dark cycle. R6/2 mice entrained to this cycle, but onsets of activity continued to advance, and circadian rhythms still disintegrated. Therefore, the beneficial effects of phase-shifting are not due solely to the light cycle being closer to the tau of the mice. Our data show that R6/2 mice can adapt to changes in the LD schedule, even beyond the age when their circadian rhythms would normally disintegrate. Nevertheless, they show abnormal responses to changes in light cycles. These might be caused by a shortened tau, impaired photic re-synchronization, impaired light detection and/or reduced masking by evening light. If similar abnormalities are present in HD patients, they may suffer exaggerated jet-lag. Since the underlying molecular clock mechanism remains intact, light may be a useful treatment for circadian dysfunction in HD.

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Time-Zone Effects

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of airline travel on performance: a review of the literature

Effect of airline travel on performance: a review of the literature

Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Space

Adaptation to Experimental Jet-Lag in R6/2 Mice despite Circadian Dysrhythmia

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