Time-varying K factor of the mm-Wave vehicular channel: Velocity, vibrations and the road quality influence

Blumenstein, Jiří; Prokeš, Aleš; Vychodil, Josef; Pospíšil, Martin; Mikulasek, Tomas

doi:10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292755

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In [43], 73 GHz V2V large-scale fading and small-scale fading analysis is provided for approaching vehicles. Intra-vehicular Doppler spectra of vibrations appearing while the vehicle is in operation are shown in [44] and [45]. In [46], signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) fluctuations for 60 GHz transmissions with 5 MHz bandwidth in a vehicle-to-infrastructure scenario are investigated.…”

Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Position-Specific Statistics of 60 GHz Vehicular Channels During Overtaking

et al. 2019

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The time-variant vehicle-to-vehicle radio propagation channel in the frequency band from 59.75 to 60.25 GHz has been measured in an urban street in the city center of Vienna, Austria. We have measured a set of 30 vehicle-to-vehicle channel realizations to capture the effect of an overtaking vehicle. Our experiment was designed for characterizing the large-scale fading and the small-scale fading depending on the overtaking vehicle's position. We demonstrate that large overtaking vehicles boost the mean receive power by up to 10 dB. The analysis of the small-scale fading reveals that the two-wave with diffuse power (TWDP) fading model is adequate. By means of the model selection, we demonstrate the regions where the TWDP model is more favorable than the customarily used the Rician fading model. Furthermore, we analyze the time selectivity of our vehicular channel. To precisely define the Doppler and delay resolutions, a multitaper spectral estimator with discrete prolate spheroidal windows is used. The delay and Doppler profiles are inferred from the estimated local scattering function. Spatial filtering by the transmitting horn antenna decreases the delay and Doppler spread values. We observe that the RMS Doppler spread is below one-tenth of the maximum Doppler shift 2f v/c. For example, at 60 GHz, a relative speed of 30 km/h yields a maximum Doppler shift of approximately 3300 Hz. The maximum RMS Doppler spread of all observed vehicles is 450 Hz; the largest observed RMS delay spread is 4 ns.INDEX TERMS 5G mobile communication, automotive engineering, communication channels, fading channels, intelligent vehicles, millimeter wave propagation, millimeter wave measurement, multipath channels, RMS delay spread, RMS Doppler spread, parameter extraction, time-varying channels, two-wave with diffuse power fading, wireless communication.

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Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Position-Specific Statistics of 60 GHz Vehicular Channels During Overtaking

et al. 2019

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“…[8], with m‐sequences as an input signal, to measure and characterise the time‐varying intra‐vehicle channel of a moving car. The system was also used in [9, 10] to evaluate the effects of vehicle vibrations on the millimetre wave channel via the delay‐Doppler spreading functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we do not tend to present results of the real‐world channel sounding campaigns, as we have done this, e.g. in [8], [9] or [10]. All results presented in this study are only back‐to‐back tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimetre wave band time domain channel sounder

et al. 2019

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“…Inserting (31) back into (19) yields the optimal far-field BF. In 5G-NR system, the 2D far-field BF utilizes a beam-sweeping procedure to select the most suitable angles from a predetermined 2D codebook of (φ, ϕ).…”

Section: Design Of 3d Near-field Bf For Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Near-Field Beamforming for Large Intelligent Surfaces

Hu¹,

Wang²,

ilter³

2023

Preprint

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<p>In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) near-field beamforming (BF) design for Large Intelligent Surface (LIS). We firstly investigate the definitions of near-field and far-field of LIS, and derive the Fresnel near-field region where amplitudes variations are negligible and only phase variations worsen the harvested array-gains. We show that the Fresnel region which covers the majority part of near-field, can be enlarged by a factor of four when considering possible imperfectness from a conventional two-dimensional (2D) far-field BF. Therefore, it is of interest to design analog 3D-BF than can recover array-gain losses in this region. Secondly, with the proved decomposition theorem we show that the optimal 3D-BF can be decomposed into a 2D far-field BF and a one-dimensional (1D) near-field BF. The 2D far-field BF compensates phase variations from mismatches in the azimuth and elevation angles, while the 1D near-field BF compensates remaining phases variations caused by distance differences from the UE to different antenna-elements on LIS. Such a proposed “2D+1D” BF design reduces codebook size significantly and is fully compatible with the existing far-field BF in the fifth-generation new-radio (5G-NR) system. Thirdly, we analyze an optimal codebook design for the 1D near-field BF, and show that with a small codebook it can perform close to optimal. Numerical results further verify that our proposal is effective and robust to recover array-gains in the near-field of LIS. </p>

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Time-varying K factor of the mm-Wave vehicular channel: Velocity, vibrations and the road quality influence

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Position-Specific Statistics of 60 GHz Vehicular Channels During Overtaking

Position-Specific Statistics of 60 GHz Vehicular Channels During Overtaking

Millimetre wave band time domain channel sounder

Design of Near-Field Beamforming for Large Intelligent Surfaces

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