Time Use, Time Pressure and Gendered Behavior in Early and Late Adolescence

Abstract

Using a stratified sample of Canadian adolescents residing in Ontario (n=2,154) time use patterns and perceptions of time pressure are explored to determine gender differences among younger (12-14 years) and older adolescents (15-19 years). For both age groups, girls report a higher total workload of schoolwork, domestic activities and paid employment and spend more time on personal care while boys have more free time, especially during early adolescence. Feelings of time pressure for teens increase with age and are significantly higher for girls in both age categories. Gender differences are less pronounced on school days when time is fairly structured, but become more consistent with traditional gender schema on the weekend when time use is more discretionary.

What They Want and What They Get: Self-Reported Motives, Perceived Competence, and Relatedness in Adolescent Leisure Activities

“…Furthermore, girls who reported high motivation for competence participated significantly more often in music and art activities, whereas boys seemed to seek sport activities to meet the motives for social interactions and, to some degree, for competence. These findings correspond with previous research showing that boys and girls often have different preferences in leisure activity participation [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Moreover, motives in previous studies have also been found to differ between activities.…”

“…The results of the current study support previous research that has demonstrated clear gender differences in activity participation [31,33,[36][37][38]. Boys participated significantly more often than girls in team and individual sport activities, whereas girls were more involved with music and art activities than boys.…”

“…Furthermore, differences in leisure experiences may be affected by the adolescent's gender. Various studies have shown strong gender differences in adolescents' choices and preferences in leisure activity participation [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Girls have been found to be more involved than boys in individual sports and creative activities such as dancing, music, and drama, whereas boys have been found to spend more time than girls on team sport activities and computerrelated activities [30,32,[35][36][37][38][39].…”

Seeking Time Within Time: Exploring the temporal constraints of women teachers’ experiences as graduate students and novice researchers

“…Not only were Ece, Damla, and Eda attempting to balance high levels of output at home and in their classrooms, they also felt pressure to produce high quality research. Understanding how participants reportedly spent their time in relation to research, does not explain how gender is constructed in Turkish society, however it does provide insights into how gender is conveyed (Hillbrecht, Zuzanek, & Mannell, 2008) and how time pressure was experienced for these women. Müftüler-Baç (1999) described this situation as "the paradoxical character of women's emancipation in Turkey" (p. 303) as "they are all subject to the rules of patriarchy" (p. 311).…”

Factors Associated With Participation and Change Over Time in Domestic Life, Peer Relations, and School for Adolescents With and Without Self-Reported Neurodevelopmental Disorders. A Follow-Up Prospective Study

“…Adolescence is characterized by a series of emotional, physical, and psychological maturity processes (Hilbrecht et al, 2008). Socially, adolescents are also required to handle changes related to the shift in life roles associated with the transition from childhood to adulthood.…”