Time Trend and Demographic and Geographic Disparities in Childhood Obesity Prevalence in China—Evidence from Twenty Years of Longitudinal Data

Jia, Peng; Xue, Hong; Zhang, Ji

doi:10.3390/ijerph14040369

Cited by 74 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, we found that only rural children and recent cohorts had a high BMI increase from self‐perception as fat compared with urban children and the previous cohort after adjusting for demographic covariates. In 2011, childhood obesity was about 1.5 times more prevalent in urban than rural areas in China . Rural people may not view obesity negatively, and therefore they do not react promptly to fatness after perceiving it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we found that only rural children and recent cohorts had a high BMI increase from self-perception as fat compared with urban children and the previous cohort after adjusting for demographic covariates. In 2011, childhood obesity was about 1.5 times more prevalent in urban than rural areas in China (40). Rural people may not view Children's self-ratings using nine silhouettes for (1) which one was most like them and (2) which one they would most like to look like were grouped into the following three levels: thin (silhouettes 1-3), average (silhouettes 4-6), and fat (silhouettes 7-9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mismatch in Children’s Weight Assessment, Ideal Body Image, and Rapidly Increased Obesity Prevalence in China: A 10‐Year, Nationwide, Longitudinal Study

Min

Yan

Wang

2018

Obesity

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Objectives: This study examined secular trends in children’s weight status assessment, measured weight status and ideal body image, and their associations with subsequent changes in BMI, and it explored the differences between sociodemographic groups in China. Methods: Longitudinal data from the China Health and National Survey of 4,605 children aged 6-17 collected during 2000-2011 were used and fitted to mixed models. Results: Overweight/obesity prevalence increased from 6.5% to 16.8%, but children’s fat body perception remained around 2.0% between the years 2000 and 2011; 49.0% of children underestimated their weight status at baseline. Self-body image of most participants was tracked during follow-up. Children who perceived themselves as being fat at baseline had a higher BMI increase over time during follow-ups than those with an average body image (β[SE] =0.99[0.14]kg/m 2 /year, p <0.001). Boys, young, recent cohort, and rural children had higher BMI increases than their counterparts. Over time, thin body silhouette became more desirable (8.4% p higher, p<0.001). Conclusions: Chinese children experience a large incongruence between their weight status assessment, ideal body image, and actual weight status. Health promotion programs should examine their role in assisting children in developing healthy body images and gaining greater self-motivation towards promoting a healthy lifestyle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismatch in Children’s Weight Assessment, Ideal Body Image, and Rapidly Increased Obesity Prevalence in China: A 10‐Year, Nationwide, Longitudinal Study

Min

Yan

Wang

2018

Obesity

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“…On the other hand, the prevalence of both adult and childhood obesity in China has sharply increased in recent years. The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) reported that the prevalence of childhood (6-17 years) obesity had risen from 2.8% in 1991 to 10.1% in 2011 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Education Practices of Health Teachers from Shanghai K-12 Schools: The Current Status, Barriers and Willingness to Teach

Fan

Yuan

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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China is facing challenges in both undernutrition and overnutrition, resulting from unhealthy diets. Nutrition education early in life, especially in school settings, has been reported to be effective in addressing these challenges. However, little is known about how nutrition education is delivered in schools in China. This study aimed to investigate the current status of delivering nutrition education by health teachers in Shanghai and to determine the barriers and resources that influence the teachers' practices and their willingness to teach nutrition. In 2016-2017, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 904 health teachers from 823 K-12 schools in Shanghai, China. There were 722 (79.9%) teachers that had the experience of teaching nutrition, but only 137 (19.0% of 722) spent ≥1 h teaching nutrition courses in each school year. Only 18.6% of the teachers had received a formal education in nutrition in college. About 88.5% of teachers expressed their willingness to teach nutrition in the future. The three major reasons for never teaching nutrition were categorized as: nutrition being taught by other teachers (39.5%), willing to teach but lack of knowledge (37.9%), and the subject not being required by school administrators (31.3%). Teachers who spent more time or were more willing to teach nutrition courses were those who were female, from private schools, had a better background in receiving nutrition education, and were more concerned about nutrition. Our data show that nutrition education is at a formative stage in Shanghai, China.

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“…The rise of obesity prevalence has been observed in China [32], which may be attributed to environmental factors. However, limited previous efforts have focused on environmental risk factors for obesity in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesogenic environmental factors of adult obesity in China: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The prevalence of obesity is still rising among Chinese adults and may be attributed to environmental factors, which, however, has only been examined in western countries before. This study aimed to estimate associations between obesogenic environments and adult obesity in China, on the basis of the official 2013-4 nationally representative survey. General and abdominal obesity were defined by body mass index and waist circumference, respectively, according to both the Chinese and international criteria. The mean summer/winter temperature in provinces, the mean fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentration, gross domestic product per capita, and education level in districts/counties, and the densities of fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants, grocery stores, and supermarkets in subdistricts/towns were calculated. Five-level logistic regression models were used to estimate their associations with obesity, also in urban and rural regions separately. Both general and abdominal obesity in men were associated with the highest PM 2.5 concentration, summer temperature, and density of full-service restaurants and grocery stores, as well as the lowest winter temperature. These associations were also observed in women except for summer temperature and density of full-service restaurants with abdominal obesity. Some associations varied by urban-rural regions. Also, the higher regional education level was associated with general and abdominal obesity in men. Additionally, obesity was associated with the increasing number of coexisting obesogenic environmental factors. Our findings call for more attention to citizens living in certain environments in China, such as cold winters and with more full-service restaurants and grocery stores. This is the first national, comprehensive obesogenic environment study in China, which generated evidence-based hypotheses for future longitudinal research and interventions on obesogenic environments in China.

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Time Trend and Demographic and Geographic Disparities in Childhood Obesity Prevalence in China—Evidence from Twenty Years of Longitudinal Data

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Mismatch in Children’s Weight Assessment, Ideal Body Image, and Rapidly Increased Obesity Prevalence in China: A 10‐Year, Nationwide, Longitudinal Study

Mismatch in Children’s Weight Assessment, Ideal Body Image, and Rapidly Increased Obesity Prevalence in China: A 10‐Year, Nationwide, Longitudinal Study

Nutrition Education Practices of Health Teachers from Shanghai K-12 Schools: The Current Status, Barriers and Willingness to Teach

Obesogenic environmental factors of adult obesity in China: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

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