Time to detection of anaemia and its predictors among women of reproductive-age living with HIV/AIDS initiating ART at public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia: a multicentre retrospective follow-up study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the time to development of anaemia and its predictors among women of reproductive-age receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia.DesignHospital-based retrospective follow-up studySettingMizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, and Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital Southwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 389 records of women living with HIV/AIDS at public hospitals were reviewed using a systematic sampling method. The data were entered using Epi-Data Manager V.4.2 and exported to STATA V.14 for data analysis. A Cox-regression model was used and variables with a p-value of <0.05% and 95% confidence level in multivariable analysis were declared as statistically significant predictors for anaemia.Primary outcomeTime to development of anaemia and its predictors among women of reproductive-age on ART in public hospitals.ResultsOf 370 records of women of reproductive-age, 203 (54.86%, 95% CI (49.77% to 59.96%)) were anaemic with an incidence rate of 12.07 per 100 person months of observation, and the overall median survival time of 60 months. The total of 2.97%, and 80.26% of women were developed anaemia within the first 6 months and the last 6 months period of follow-up, respectively. Moreover, non-employed women, women with advanced WHO stage, women with baseline opportunistic infections and women who were on ART for long-duration were significantly associated with anaemia among women living with HIV/AIDS.ConclusionIn this study, the incidence rate of anaemia was significantly high. The development of anaemia among women on ART was also increased with increased follow-up time. The risk of anaemia is increased in women living with HIV/AIDS due to advanced baseline WHO staging, presence of OIs at baseline, an increased duration on ART and low occupational status. Therefore, early identification and treatment of opportunistic infections and other coinfections are required to decrease the incidence of anaemia among women living with HIV/AIDS.

Anemia in HIV Patients Attending Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital: Prevalence, Morphological Classification, and Associated Factors

“…44 In another study in Ethiopia, women with baseline opportunistic infections and women who were on ART for a long duration were significantly associated with anemia among women living with HIV/AIDS. 45 The above findings are comparable to a study by 46 who reported that factors that often contributed to the risk of developing anemia in HIV infection include the presence of opportunistic infections, sex, and a low CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. 47 This current study reported unsuppressed viral load and CD4-count less than 200 cells/mm 3 had a significant association with anemia.…”

Mechanisms and Cardiorenal Complications of Chronic Anemia in People with HIV

“…A study by Belay et al revealed a high prevalence of anemia, reaching 54.9% among the participants [ 39 ]. The incidence rate of anemia was reported at 12.07 per 100 people/month, emphasizing the substantial risk associated with ART.…”

“…The incidence rate of anemia was reported at 12.07 per 100 people/month, emphasizing the substantial risk associated with ART. Interestingly, the study suggests a temporal aspect, with 2.97% of women developing anemia in the first 6 months, escalating to 80.26% in the last 6 months of follow-up [ 39 ]. This temporal trend raises questions about the prolonged use of ART and its potential contribution to anemia development.…”