Time to death and its determinants among under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa using the recent (2010–2018) demographic and health survey data: country-based shared frailty analyses

Tesfa, Desalegn; Tiruneh, Sofonyas Abebaw; Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye; Gebremariam, Alemayehu Digssie; Engdaw, Melaku Tadege; Kefale, Belayneh; Abebe, Bedilu; Dessalegn, Tsion

doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02950-3

Cited by 16 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In this study, 6.2% (95% CI: (5.43, 6.86)) of under-ve children had died before celebrating their fth birthday with a death rate of 62 per 1,000 live births. This nding was comparatively higher than the study conducted in Ethiopia [5] and approximately similar to the preceding 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey report [19] but lower than other study studies done in Ethiopia [11,12,25,26]. The difference may be credited to variations in the study setting and sample size, as the selected sample size in our study was comparatively smaller than in others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Efforts to decrease under-ve children's death in any planned manner need a clear sympathetic of its predictor factors. Evidence from different literature revealed that rural place of residence, unvaccinated child, poor wealth index, multiple birth type, preceding birth interval, use unimproved water, delivered at home, sex of the child, birth orders, breastfeeding status, and antenatal care follow-up during pregnancy are among the predictors of under-ve children mortality [5,[9][10][11][12]. Majorities (80%) of the Ethiopian population were rural residents, and life expectancy and age were comparatively short among rural residents [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Predictors of mortality among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Gebrerufael

Hagos

2023

Preprint

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Background The under-five children mortality (UFCM) is one of the major significant and sensitive indicators of the health status of the public. Although the world has seen a remarkable and substantial decrease in UFCM since 1990, its progression rate still remains alarmingly high in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess predictors of mortality among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. Methods This study used a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) report. A total of 4,425 under-five children selected at different stages were included in the final analysis. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and Cox proportional hazard (PH) model analyses were utilized to estimate survival time and to investigate the major predictors of mortality under-five children, respectively. An Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) along with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was employed to measure the impact size and direction of the association. Results The study showed that 6.2% (95% CI: (5.43, 6.86)) of children died beforehand celebrating their fifth birthday in rural Ethiopia. The multivariable Cox PH regression model analysis revealed, predictors of large spacing preceding birth interval (16–26 months) (AHR = 0.61; 95% CI: (0.402–0.920)), 27–38 months (AHR = 0.72; 95% CI: (0.496–1.03)), and ≥ 39 months, multiple births (AHR = 3.9; 95% CI: (2.77–5.62)), being breastfeeding (AHR = 0.13; 95% CI: (0.099–0.162)), and unvaccinated child (AHR = 11.6; 95% CI: (1.62–83.1)) were significant predictors of under-five children mortality. Conclusions Still now, under-five children mortality remains alarmingly high in rural Ethiopia as compared to the global under-five children mortality rate. In the final multivariable Cox PH regression model analysis, birth type, preceding birth interval, vaccination of child, and breastfeeding were significant predictors of under-five children mortality. Additionally, attention should be given to multiple births, unvaccinated and non-breastfeeding children, as well as households’ better encouragement to having a large spacing preceding birth interval.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of mortality among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Gebrerufael

Hagos

2023

Preprint

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“…Ethiopian demographic and health survey report [19] but lower than other study studies done in Ethiopia [11,12,25,26]. The difference may be credited to variations in the study setting and sample size, as the selected sample size in our study was comparatively smaller than in others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Predictors of mortality among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Gebrerufael

Hagos

2023

Preprint

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Background: The under-five children mortality (UFCM) is one of the major significant and sensitive indicators of the health status of the public. Although the world has seen a remarkable and substantial decrease in UFCM since 1990, its progression rate still remains alarmingly high in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess predictors of mortality among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. Methods: This study used a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) report. A total of 4,425 under-five children were included in the final analysis. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and Cox proportional hazard (PH) model analyses were utilized to estimate survival time and to investigate the major predictors of mortality under-five children, respectively. An Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) along with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was employed to measure the impact size and direction of the association. Results: The study showed that 6.2% (95% CI: (5.43, 6.86)) of children died beforehand celebrating their fifth birthday in rural Ethiopia. The multivariable Cox PH regression model analysis revealed, predictors of large spacing preceding birth interval (16–26 months) (AHR = 0.61; 95% CI: (0.402–0.920)), 27–38 months (AHR =0.72; 95% CI: (0.496–1.03)), and ≥39 months, multiple births (AHR = 3.9; 95% CI: (2.77–5.62)), being breastfeeding (AHR =0.13; 95% CI: (0.099–0.162)), and unvaccinated child (AHR =11.6; 95% CI: (1.62–83.1)) were significant predictors of under-five children mortality. Conclusions: In this study, under-five children death rate was alarmingly high in the rural areas of Ethiopia. The birth type, preceding birth interval, vaccination of child, and breastfeeding are identified as significant predictors of under-five children mortality in rural Ethiopia. Therefore, public health interventionsshould be given attention to multiple births, unvaccinated and non-breastfeeding children, as well as mothers’ better encouragement to having a large spacing preceding birth interval.

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“…Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality in children under 5 years; 56 this might also be true in Eritrea. Among PLWHIV, we have a conservative incidence estimate for Pneumocystis pneumonia of 256 annually.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current situation of fungal diseases in Eritrea

Werkneh¹,

Orefuwa²,

Denning

2022

Mycoses

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The epidemiology of fungal infections in Eritrea is unknown. Most cases are under‐reported due to a lack of diagnostics. This study estimates the burden of serious fungal infections and highlights treatment and diagnostic gaps in the country. All publications related to fungal infections were identified by searches using PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar. Where no data were available, data from neighbouring countries, then sub‐Saharan African countries, then other parts of the world were considered for deriving estimates. The Eritrea population was 3,546,427 in 2020. In 2020, HIV/AIDS patients numbered 1400 and TB incidence were 2875. The five‐year adult prevalence of asthma (2016–2020) was 41,390, and the total prevalence estimate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was 308,328. The annual incidence of cryptococcal meningitis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in AIDS patients was estimated at 96 and 205 cases. Oesophageal candidiasis incidence is 715 HIV‐infected patients. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis prevalence, including post‐tuberculosis cases, was estimated at 1399 (39/100,000). Fungal asthma has a prevalence of 1035 and 1366 in adults. The estimated prevalence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and tinea capitis is 59,391 and 342,585, respectively. There are no data on candidaemia, but it is estimated at 5/100,000 (177 cases annually). Invasive aspergillosis in leukaemia, lung cancer, COPD and HIV is estimated at 540 cases and fungal keratitis in 514 cases annually. Serious fungal infections are prevalent in Eritrea with approximately 408,164 people (11.5%) affected annually. Studies on fungal diseases to improve diagnosis and treatment are required with the implementation of a national surveillance program.

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Time to death and its determinants among under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa using the recent (2010–2018) demographic and health survey data: country-based shared frailty analyses

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Predictors of mortality among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Predictors of mortality among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Predictors of mortality among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Current situation of fungal diseases in Eritrea

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