Time-Temperature Model for Bacterial and Parasitic Annihilation from Cow Dung and Human Faecal Sludge: A Forthcoming Bio-Fertilizer

Abstract

The present study investigated the optimum time and temperature for inactivation of bacteria and parasites in cow dung and pit faecal sludge, a forthcoming fertilizer. Samples were collected from different areas of Bangladesh and were examined through modified centrifugal flotation and conventional culture techniques to isolate parasites and bacteria respectively. A cow dung sample from Gopalganj and a pit sample from Dohar that were found to be the most contaminated among the samples tested were heated to annihilate the pathogens present there. After 30 min of exposure at 60°C, all bacteria lost their ability to grow on culture media except enterococci. Among the parasites found in the pit sample, Entamoeba histolytica was the least heat resistant, which was killed at 60°C within 30 min followed by Ancylostoma duodenale larva, Strongyloides stercoralis larva, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale eggs and Strongyloides stercoralis egg. Ascaris lumbricoides and Hymenolepis nana were the most resistant to heat, inactivated at 75°C within 15 min. In cow dung, Paramphistomum was the most resistant, became inactivated at 65°C within 60 min whereas Haemonchus at 65°C within 30 min. The study findings showed the best time dependent temperature to deactivate the pathogens present in faecal sludge in Bangladesh context.

Parasitological Assessment of Sewage Sludge Samples for Potential Agricultural Reuse in Tunisia

“…However, it fails to consider the contents of pathogenic helminth eggs, which are of great concern due to their harmful effects on public health. Helminth eggs and pathogenic protozoa can be considered as the most difficult microbiological pathogens to inactivate in wastewater and sludge treatment [37]. Moreover, previous investigations of Tunisian treated wastewater showed the predominance of protozoan in sludge [38][39][40][41][42].…”

Understanding the Association between Selected Agama agama Characteristics and Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Otuoke, Nigeria

“…The feces were pressed out from the intestine and was introduced into a specimen container, it was emulsified with a saline water, sieved into a container, then introduced into a centrifuge tube, and was centrifuged under 3500rpm for 10minutes. After centrifugation, the precipitate was filtered out from the sediment, the sediment was dropped on a slide with a drop of iodine and was covered with a cover slip, it was then view with microscope under the magnification of X40 for parasitological examination [9][10][11][12].…”

Ranking hazards pertaining to human health concerns from land application of anaerobic digestate

“…It has a more stable operation but a lower biogas production rate compared to other types of AD. In contrast, the higher temperature process (T-AD) reduces pathogen numbers even further and provides more rapid reaction rates than M-AD (Mahmud et al, 2016). Process parameters such as temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, carbon-nitrogen ratio and free ammonia presence can also have a significant influence on pathogen inactivation (Sakar et al, 2009;Abbasi et al, 2012;Manyi-Loh et al, 2013).…”