“…It works by reversing the side effects of the narcotics, such as sedation and decreased breathing rate [ 2 ]. The literature survey reveals that several methods have been reported for determination of NLX mainly including high performance liquid chromatography [ 3 - 7 ], high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry [ 8 - 11 ], gas–liquid chromatography [ 12 ], chemiluminescence [ 13 - 15 ]. Figure 1 Chemical structure of naloxone hydrochloride.…”
BackgroundThe opioid antagonist agent naloxone hydrochloride (NLX) is a drug that has high affinity for opiate receptors but do not activate these receptors. Owing to the role of this drug to block the effects of exogenous administered opioids and endogenous released endorphians we can deduce the importance of developing sensitive analytical methods for detection of such drug. In the present study gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was employed for enhancing the chemiluminescence (CL) signals arising from luminol-ferricyanide reaction in the presence of naloxone hydrochloride using sequential injection chemiluminescence analysis (SIA).MethodIn the present study gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was employed for enhancing the chemiluminescence (CL) signals arising from luminol-ferricyanide reaction in the presence of naloxone hydrochloride using sequential injection chemiluminescence analysis (SIA).ResultsThe developed method was examined under optimum experimental conditions and the obtained results revealed a linear relationship between the relative CL intensity and the investigated drug at a concentration range of 1.0×10−9-1.0×10−2 mol L−1, (r = 0.9993, n=9) with detection and quantification limits of 1.6×10−11 and 1.0×10−9 mol L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation was 0.9%.ConclusionThe proposed method was employed for the determination of the investigated drug in bulk powder, its pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids. The interference of some metals and amino acids on the CL intensity was investigated. Also the interference of some related pharmacological action drugs was tested. The obtained results of the developed method were statistically treated and compared with those obtained from other reported methods.Graphical AbstractUtility of gold nanparticles in luminol-potassium ferricyanide chemiluminescence system for determination of naloxone hydrochloride.
“…It works by reversing the side effects of the narcotics, such as sedation and decreased breathing rate [ 2 ]. The literature survey reveals that several methods have been reported for determination of NLX mainly including high performance liquid chromatography [ 3 - 7 ], high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry [ 8 - 11 ], gas–liquid chromatography [ 12 ], chemiluminescence [ 13 - 15 ]. Figure 1 Chemical structure of naloxone hydrochloride.…”
BackgroundThe opioid antagonist agent naloxone hydrochloride (NLX) is a drug that has high affinity for opiate receptors but do not activate these receptors. Owing to the role of this drug to block the effects of exogenous administered opioids and endogenous released endorphians we can deduce the importance of developing sensitive analytical methods for detection of such drug. In the present study gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was employed for enhancing the chemiluminescence (CL) signals arising from luminol-ferricyanide reaction in the presence of naloxone hydrochloride using sequential injection chemiluminescence analysis (SIA).MethodIn the present study gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was employed for enhancing the chemiluminescence (CL) signals arising from luminol-ferricyanide reaction in the presence of naloxone hydrochloride using sequential injection chemiluminescence analysis (SIA).ResultsThe developed method was examined under optimum experimental conditions and the obtained results revealed a linear relationship between the relative CL intensity and the investigated drug at a concentration range of 1.0×10−9-1.0×10−2 mol L−1, (r = 0.9993, n=9) with detection and quantification limits of 1.6×10−11 and 1.0×10−9 mol L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation was 0.9%.ConclusionThe proposed method was employed for the determination of the investigated drug in bulk powder, its pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids. The interference of some metals and amino acids on the CL intensity was investigated. Also the interference of some related pharmacological action drugs was tested. The obtained results of the developed method were statistically treated and compared with those obtained from other reported methods.Graphical AbstractUtility of gold nanparticles in luminol-potassium ferricyanide chemiluminescence system for determination of naloxone hydrochloride.
“…Time-resolved chemiluminescence is a kinetic-based CL method using the stopped-flow technique, with some advantages such as selectivity, sensitivity and less consumption of the reagents. As a novel detection mode, timeresolved CL has been used for the detection of naloxone [2] , hydrochlorothiazide [3] and captopril [4] , respectively. In the above-mentioned work, different CL systems were studied using the stopped-flow technique in a continuous-flow system.…”
The combined use of chemometrics and chemiluminescence (CL) measurements, with the aid of the stopped-flow mixing technique, developed a simple time-resolved CL method for the simultaneous determination of captopril (CPL) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT). The stopped-flow technique in a continuous-flow system was employed in this work in order to emphasize the kinetic differences between the two analytes in cerium (IV)-rhodamine 6G CL system. After the flow was stopped, an initial rise of CL signal was observed for HCT standards, while a direct decay of CL signal was obtained for CPL standards. The mixed CL signal was monitored and recorded on the whole process of continuousflow/stopped-flow, and the obtained data were processed by the chemometric approach of artificial neural network. The relative prediction error (RPE) of CPL and HCT was 5.9% and 8.7%, respectively. The recoveries of CPL and HCT in tablets were found to fall in the range between 95% and 106%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of CPL and HCT in a compound pharmaceutical formulation.
“…Various sample-reagent mixing modes have been used in combination with a detector to record the chemiluminescence signal, such as the continuous-additionof-reagent technique (16), which is based on the continuous addition, at low pressure and constant rate, of one reaction ingredient (usually the reagent) over a vessel containing the analyte and the other reaction ingredients, and a stopped-flow mixing module coupled to a CL detector (17,18). Recently, a kinetic-based chemiluminescence method using the stoppedflow technique in a continuous-flow system has been reported (19).…”
A novel chemiluminescence method for the determination of antu has been developed based on the reaction between potassium permanganate in acid medium with this rat-poison in the presence of formaldehyde as an emission enhancer. The main feature of the system used is that the recording of the whole chemiluminescence intensity-vs-time profiles can be obtained, using the stopped-flow technique in a continuous-flow system. This enables the use of three quantitative parameters adjustable via software settings, one of them a typically kinetic parameter, such as rate of the light-decay reaction, and the others conventional parameters, such as maximum emission intensity and total emission area, which are proportional to the analyte concentration. The optimum chemical conditions for the chemiluminescence emission were investigated. The effect of common emission enhancers, such as formic acid, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, acetaldehyde, quinine, fluorescein, rhodamine B, and rhodamine 6G, was studied. The parameters selected were sulfuric acid 4.0 mol L(-)(1), permanganate 0.1 mmol L(-)(1), and formaldehyde 1.0 mol L(-)(1). The calibration graphs obtained with each one of the measurement parameters were linear for the concentration range from 0.05 to 3.00 microg mL(-)(1). The detection limits ranged from 0.005 to 0.010 microg mL(-)(1), and RSD values (n = 10) of 0.99-1.79% at a 0.30 microg mL(-)(1) concentration level and 1.71-2.22% at a 1.0 microg mL(-)(1) concentration level were obtained. The present chemiluminescence procedures were applied to the determination of antu in different kinds of samples, such as river water, wheat, barley, and oat grain samples. Recovery values not significantly different from the spiked amount were found for these determinations.
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