Time pressure among parents in the Nordic countries: A population-based cross-sectional study

Gunnarsdóttir, Hrafnhildur; Petzold, Max; Povlsen, Lene

doi:10.1177/1403494813510984

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The Nordic variation in the prevalence of experienced time pressure is an interesting issue, at present without any firm explanation. As we have discussed in another article [18], Danes actually do experience stress in everyday life according to previous studies [60,61], just as psychologists describe high pace and multiple roles as main challenges in everyday life of Danish parents [62]. Similarly to our results, however, a lower proportion of Danish workers reported work-related stress as compared to the Nordic and European average [63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Bullying victimisation was considered important because of it being a strong predictor of the child’s mental health [44,45] and possibly increasing parents’ experience of time pressure, measured by the question, “Is your child being bullied?” (Yes often/sometimes or No/don’t know). Child family and living conditions are widely recognised determinants of child health [46] and previous studies have found them to be associated with parents’ experienced time pressure [9,18]. Family and living conditions were assessed by family financial stress (inability to pay ordinary bills and/or lack of cash reserves), parents’ educational level (university level or lower educational level), parents’ civil status (married/cohabiting or single parent), and parents’ working hours per week (<37 hours, 37-40 hours or > 40 hours).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have as well indicated that parents of young children perceive time pressure to be challenging to health lifestyles of their children and family [14,15] and that time pressure can have negative effects on parental mental health [16,17]. Parents’ experiences of time pressure have previously been found to be associated with lack of support, financial stress, long working hours and parenting younger children [18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between parents’ subjective time pressure and mental health problems among children in the Nordic countries: a population based study

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BackgroundThe home, the family and the parents represent a context of everyday life that is important for child health and development, with parent-child relationships highlighted as crucial for children’s mental health. Time pressure is an emerging feature of modern societies and previous studies indicates that parents with children living at home experience time pressure to a greater extent than people with no children living at home. Previous studies of children’s mental health in relation to parents’ time pressure are lacking. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between parents’ subjective time pressure and mental health problems among children in the Nordic countries as well as potential disparities between boys and girls in different age groups.Methods4592 children, aged 4-16 from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, participating in the 2011 version of the NordChild study, were included. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to measure children’s mental health and associations to parents’ time pressure were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong children of parents experiencing time pressure, 18.6% had mental health problems compared to 10.1% among children of parents experiencing time pressure not or sometimes. The odds of mental health problems were higher among both boys (OR 1.80 95% CI 1.32-2.46) and girls (OR 1.95 95% CI 1.42-2.66) if their parents experienced time pressure when adjusted for financial stress. The highest prevalence of mental health problems in the case of parental time pressure was found among girls 13-16 years old (23.6%) and the lowest prevalence was found among boys 13-16 years old (10.7%).ConclusionsIn this study an association between parents’ subjective time pressure and increased mental health problems among children was found. Given that time pressure is a growing feature of modern societies, the results might contribute to an explanation as to mental health problems are common among children in the Nordic countries in spite of otherwise favourable conditions. Additional research on the linkage between parents’ experienced time pressure and children’s and adolescents’ mental health problems is needed to confirm the novel findings of this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between parents’ subjective time pressure and mental health problems among children in the Nordic countries: a population based study

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“…In the 2011 sample, single‐parent families and parents with lower education were under‐represented, but not families with parents born outside the country (Gunnarsdottir et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differences in prevalence of bullying victimization between native and immigrant children in the Nordic countries: a parent‐reported serial cross‐sectional study

Bjereld

Daneback

Petzold

2014

Child

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“…Considering the time pressure experienced by most people (Gunnarsdóttir, Petsold, & Povlsen, 2014;Roxburgh, 2002Roxburgh, , 2004, this null finding is interesting. One might, for example, expect that lack of time would have consequences for constructs related to well-being, such as optimism and worry (Alarcon, Bowling, & Khazon, 2013).…”

Section: The Role Of Time Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Looking back in order to predict the future: Relative resource assessments and their relationship to future expectations

2018

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In this research, we investigated how relative resource assessments relate to future expectations. In previous research, resources are typically studied separately, and contextual influences and reference-point dependencies are often ignored. We addressed this in an online survey in which Icelanders (N = 611) assessed their economic, temporal, social, and emotional resources using four reference points (wants, others, past, future). We used exploratory factor analysis to reduce the four resources into three reliable factors: economic, temporal, and socio-emotional resources. Using hierarchical regression we found that assessments of socio-emotional and economic resources were related to future expectations, even after controlling for more objective resource markers, such as income and education. This relationship was strongest when past resources were used as the reference point for assessing current resources. We interpret these findings as suggesting that temporal comparisons to the past become more salient during times of instability, as Icelanders have recently gone through much economic and political turmoil. A psychological challenge for individuals recovering from economic collapse is to abstain from comparing current with past resource levels, as it elicits a loss experience. Overcoming a feeling that "it was better before" seems vital in re-establishing optimistic future expectations.Keywords: relative resource assessments, reference points, temporal relative deprivation, future expectations, optimism, worry It is well established that economic resources are positively related to well-being and positive future expectations (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002). Possessing a large resource reservoir makes individuals less vulnerable and facilitates the attainment of more resources (Hobfoll, 2002). Individuals who have enough resources therefore have good grounds for viewing the future brightly, as they can rest secure in the knowledge that they will most likely be able to face life's adversities. In contrast, people who feel that their resources are lacking may be worried about the future, as this exposes them to vulnerabilities ensued by negative events. But, how do you know if your current standing gives you cause for concern or optimism? Perhaps a subjective assessment of the available resources is as important as your objective resource levels! When making such an 1 Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. assessment you are likely to evaluate your current standing relative to a reference known to you, using some type of reference point for the assessment.The following scenario illustrates this assessment process: Imagine that you were able to save €1600 two years ago, and €1000 last ye...

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Time pressure among parents in the Nordic countries: A population-based cross-sectional study

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Associations between parents’ subjective time pressure and mental health problems among children in the Nordic countries: a population based study

Associations between parents’ subjective time pressure and mental health problems among children in the Nordic countries: a population based study

Differences in prevalence of bullying victimization between native and immigrant children in the Nordic countries: a parent‐reported serial cross‐sectional study

Looking back in order to predict the future: Relative resource assessments and their relationship to future expectations

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