Time of feeding and growth promotant effects on the winter growth performance and carcass traits of steers

Small, J. A.; Kennedy, A. D.; Veira, D. M.; McCaughey, W. P.; Ward, Douglas R.

doi:10.4141/a03-048

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(39 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies either did not collect behaviour data Small et al 2004;Holt and Pritchard 2005) or did not examine differences in feeding behaviour during the day and night (SchwartzkopfGenswein et al 2004). Consequently, it was unclear whether provision of feed ad libitum during the evening would overcome the natural inclination of cattle to eat at dawn and dusk (Lefcourt and Adams 1999).…”

Section: Effect Of Time Of Feed Delivery On Feeding Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If this prevents cold acclimation, maintenance energy requirements will be reduced, thereby increasing growth rates and/or efficiency. Several studies have found that evening feeding increases growth rate and feed efficiency across the winter feeding period Schwartzkopf-Genswein et al 2004;Small et al 2004;Holt and Pritchard 2005). However, only one study has actually studied the thermoregulatory physiology of cattle fed in the morning vs. evening specifically during the coldest intervals of the winter feeding period (Bergen et al 2007), and none have examined feeding behaviour.…”

Section: Finishing Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of feeding time on behaviour, thermoregulation and growth of steers in winter

Bergen¹,

Schwartzkopf-Genswein²,

McAllister³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. 2008. Effects of feeding time on behaviour, thermoregulation and growth of steers in winter. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 369Á379. Two trials were conducted to determine whether the effects of morning (1000) vs. evening (2000) feed delivery on the frequency and duration of feedbunk visits, thermoregulatory physiology and growth performance of feedlot steers were modified by ambient winter temperatures. Night-time feeding behaviours were more pronounced for evening-fed than for morning-fed cattle during both the forage-based backgrounding and concentrate-based finishing periods. Evening feeding also led to increased core body temperatures during the coldest part of the day during the backgrounding period but had little effect during the finishing period. Although ambient temperatures were similar in both trials, evening feeding improved growth rate and efficiency during the coldest part of the backgrounding period in Trial 1 but not in Trial 2. Feeding time did not affect feedlot performance during the finishing period of either trial. Evening feeding successfully altered feeding behaviours and appeared to improve thermoregulatory status during the coldest part of the backgrounding period, but did not improve growth performance or efficiency.Key words: Beef cattle, thermoregulation, evening feeding, feeding behaviour Bergen, R. D., Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K. S., McAllister, T. A. et Kennedy, A. D. 2008. Incidence du moment de l'alimentation sur le comportement, la thermore´gulation et la croissance des bouvillons en hiver. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 369Á379. Les auteurs ont effectue´deux essais pour savoir la tempe´rature ambiante en hiver modifie l'incidence de l'alimentation matinale (10 h) ou vespe´rale (20 h) sur la fre´quence et la dure´e des visites a`la mangeoire, sur la physiologie de la thermore´gulation et sur la croissance des bouvillons garde´s en enclos. Les bovins mangent davantage la nuit quand on leur sert la nourriture le soir plutoˆt que le matin, tant pendant la pe´riode de semi-finition, ou`on leur sert des fourrages, que pendant celle de finition, ou`ils rec¸oivent des concentre´s. L'alimentation en soire´e augmente aussi la tempe´rature corporelle de base pendant la partie la plus froide de la journe´e lors de la semi-finition, mais elle a peu d'effet pendant la finition. Malgre´une tempe´rature ambiante similaire dans les deux essais, l'alimentation en soire´e a releve´le taux de croissance et le rendement pendant la partie la plus froide de la semi-finition lors de la premie`re expe´rience mais pas lors de la deuxie`me. Le moment de l'alimentation n'a eu aucune incidence sur le rendement en parc d'engraissement pendant la finition, dans aucun des deux essais. L'alimentation en soire´e modifie les habitudes alimentaires et semble ame´liorer la thermore´gulation pendant la partie la plus froide de la semi-finition, sans pour autant rehausser la croissance et le rendement.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Time Of Feed Delivery On Feeding Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Finishing Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding time on behaviour, thermoregulation and growth of steers in winter

Bergen¹,

Schwartzkopf-Genswein²,

McAllister³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Evening rather than morning feeding can improve the performance of beef cattle. [5][6][7][8] Ruminants have evolved to ruminate mostly overnight, when the rumen develops a greater fermentation capacity and volume, compared with daytime. 9 Feeding ruminants in the evening could thus significantly alter postfeeding fermentation patterns.…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminant chronophysiological management: an emerging bioscience

Nikkhah¹

2011

OAAP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The objective of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and delineate an emerging bioscience known as ruminant chronophysiological management. Most recent research discoveries have promised physiological innovations in laboratory animals, humans, and livestock. Lactating ruminants have high intake and production levels above maintenance, and thus are exceptional models for studying evolutionary nutrition and physiology. The evolution of ruminant animals has led to specialized behaviors that involve mainly overnight rumination and primary daytime (sunrise and sunset) grazing and eating. Consequently, eating activity, rumen ecology, postrumen nutrient assimilation, and peripheral nutrient metabolism have developed unique diurnal and nocturnal rhythms. These physiological rhythms are known as circadian rhythms that lead animal endocrinology and metabolism. Most recent findings demonstrate that altering feeding timing alters postprandial patterns of feed intake, rumen fermentation, and peripheral metabolism in both intensively housed and grazing lactating cows. Evening instead of morning feeding has improved milk and milk energy production. These demonstrations contribute to creating an evolutionary bioscience that links animal nutritional management and physiology to chronobiology. The emerging bioscience of "ruminant chronophysiological management" is the incorporation of chronophysiology into livestock management practices. Different species will have their own special response to altered chronophysiological management. Such postmodern management strategies will therefore be an interface of ruminant, nonruminant, and human ecologies.

show abstract

“…In so doing, rumen should possess differential capacities for bioprocessing of different substrates. In modern ruminant farming with no grazing, however, such natural patterns of rumen ecology are in ways interrupted or altered [6][7][8][9][10]. For instance, feed delivery could well be exercised during evening and night hours.…”

Section: Philosophy For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Rumen Microbial Circadian Biology to Improve Food Safety and Security

Nikkhah¹

2015

J Adv Dairy Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThis perspective article introduces an innovative roadmap for research and farm application based on optimizing rumen microbial circadian biology to help minimize metabolic disorders and foodproducing ruminant health and efficiency. Suitable feedstuffs must be fed at optimal times of the circadian phase in optimal relation to milking and housing management. Certain microbial populations may be negatively sensitive to given combinations of sugars, starches, proteins and fats. Discovering optimal harmonies amongst circadian rhythms of ruminant, rumen, and their environmental management is key towards improving food safety and security for humans in the new era.Keywords: Microbial ecology; Rumen; Physiology; Circadian rhythm Philosophy for PracticeRuminants have evolved to graze mostly during day, especially at the beginning and end of the light phase. As such, they have evolved to ruminate predominantly overnight when little grazing/easting occurs [1][2][3][4][5]. Rumination stimulates chewing and insalivation to effectively neutralize rumen acids and help maintain stable and healthy rumen conditions [2][3][4]. It thus seems that ruminants experience more stable or more tolerant rumen environment during evening and night times [2,3,5]. Should that be the case, rumen microbial populations must have circadian properties in fermenting ruminated ingesta. In so doing, rumen should possess differential capacities for bioprocessing of different substrates. In modern ruminant farming with no grazing, however, such natural patterns of rumen ecology are in ways interrupted or altered [6][7][8][9][10]. For instance, feed delivery could well be exercised during evening and night hours. Milking does essentially occur overnight and early morning. Thus, it is critical to discover optimal combinations of feeding, milking, housing and health management [11][12][13][14][15][16].Recent findings suggest that nocturnal vs. morning feeding can improve feed intake and milk fat and energy production in dairy cows [5,6,7,[10][11][12]. Data, also, suggest that rumen encounters more periprandial fluctuations in feed intake and rumen conditions rhythms when ruminants are fed at night vs. morning [10][11][12]. These discoveries would question the conventional belief that higher fluctuations in rumen conditions are rather harmful to healthy rumen physiology and ruminant production [13,14]. Instead, it appears that rumen can develop tolerance against those conditions that are considered risky under practical scenarios [15][16][17][18]. Rumen, thus, possesses specialized circadian rhythm in its microbial properties that must be matched optimally with nutritional characteristics of feeds and patterns of environmental cues.It is time to formulate strategies that optimize rumen microbiology based on circadian rhythms of rumen fermentation and microbial metabolism [19]. Advanced rumen microbiology must take initiatives to embrace circadian microbial properties towards more specialized feeding management and reduced risks of subacute rumen aci...

show abstract

Time of feeding and growth promotant effects on the winter growth performance and carcass traits of steers

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of feeding time on behaviour, thermoregulation and growth of steers in winter

Effects of feeding time on behaviour, thermoregulation and growth of steers in winter

Ruminant chronophysiological management: an emerging bioscience

Exploring Rumen Microbial Circadian Biology to Improve Food Safety and Security

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About