“…Pretest 1 involves a survey of 37 participants (62.2% female; 27.0% are between 25 and 34 years old) to identify impulsive and planned product purchases. Participants read a description for impulsive and planned purchases, and then they view a presentation of 36 products—which are from previous research (Kpossa & Lick, 2020; Rook, 1987; Shavitt & Barnes, 2020; Verplanken et al, 2005; Yang, Liu, et al, 2022; Yang, Wang, et al, 2022), real market examples, and web search. Utilizing a 9‐point semantic differential scale (1 = for “planned purchase” and 9 = “impulsive purchase), participants next indicate the frequency with which they purchase the products impulsively or with planning.…”