“…TLM allows recording of the exact timing of each stage of embryo development (Cruz et al, ; Meseguer et al, ), and the analysis of acquired images allows identification of abnormal developmental patterns such as abnormal syngamy and abrupt direct (e.g., division from one blastomere directly to three or four blastomeres), reverse (apparent fusion of blastomeres), absent, and chaotic (division of one blastomere asynchronously with others) cleavage (Athayde Wirka et al, ; Cruz et al, ; Hojnik, Vlaisavljević, & Kovačič, ). Currently, TLM is used in human ART to select embryos for transfer (Castellò et al, ; Goodman et al, ), and there is a growing clinical interest in using it in livestock ART (Mandawala, Harvey, Roy, & Fowler, ; Park et al, ; Sugimura, Akai, & Imai, ). To the best of our knowledge, no studies have yet been reported on use of TLM to evaluate reproductive toxins in large animal models.…”