Time–Frequency–Energy Characteristics Analysis of Vibration Signals in Digital Electronic Detonators and Nonel Detonators Exploders Based on the HHT Method

Abstract

The China Society of Explosives and Blasting required a larger than 20% annual increase in the national use of digital electronic detonators since 2018. So, this article conducted a large number of on-site tests and then used the Hilbert–Huang Transform method to analyze and compare the vibration signals of digital electronic and nonel detonators during the excavation process of minor cross-sectional rock roadways from the perspective of time, frequency, and energy. Then, through vibration energy analysis, identification of actual delay time, and formula derivation, it was proved that the delay time error of the detonator can control vibration wave random interference and reduce vibration. The analysis results showed that when using a segmented simultaneous blasting network for excavation in small-sectioned rock tunnels, nonel detonators may provide more excellent protection to structures than digital electronic detonators. In the same segment, the timing error of nonel detonators produces a vibration wave with a random superposition damping effect, resulting in an average vibration reduction of 19.4% per segment compared to digital electronic detonators. However, digital electronic detonators are superior to nonel detonators for the fragmentation effect on rock. The research conducted in this paper has the potential to facilitate a more rational and comprehensive promotion of digital electronic detonators in China.

Arduino-Based Low-Cost Device for the Measurement of Detonation Times in Blasting Caps

“…Hence, it is crucial to know the actual instant of detonation of the detonators in order to study the accuracy of the initiation system and its influence on the blasting results. For this purpose, commercial equipment can be used to measure the blast holes’ moment of detonation, for instance, the equipment that allows monitoring blast holes to measure the detonation velocity (VoD) of the explosive [ 16 , 17 ] and obtain, as additional information, the detonation time delay between each blast hole. Another alternative is the use of high-speed cameras for ultra-slow motion image analysis.…”

Editorial to the Special Issue Sensors and Signal Analysis for Dynamic Measurement in Industrial Process

“…This Special Issue “Sensors and Signal Analysis for Dynamic Measurement in Industrial Processes” of Sensors seeks to explore new research proposals on this increasingly important topic. The ten accepted papers in this issue cover the latest developments and recent improvements in multiphase flow measurement [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], system calibration and dynamic compensation [ 5 , 6 ], flow boiling monitoring [ 7 ], rock tunnel blasting [ 8 ], microgravity propellant mass gauging [ 9 ] and high-voltage electric field measurement [ 10 ]. These works present new sensing techniques and measurement methods, novel sensor design and system development, and advanced signal analysis and processing methods to promote the theoretical development and technical advancement of dynamic measurements in industrial processes.…”

“…In [ 8 ], Yin et al conduct a large number of on-site tests and comprehensively compare the vibration signals of digital electronic and nonel detonators in a small section of a rock tunnel construction from the perspective of time, frequency and energy. The research results prove that the delay time error of the detonator can control vibration wave random interference and reduce vibration.…”