Time estimation and increases in body temperature.

Cr, Bell

doi:10.1037/h0022192

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…And the brain, not the oral cavity, is the critical structure in assaying the relation between temperature and velocity of eNS-mediated events. We note that most of the negative reports of altered electrophysiological activity and RTs in human subjects under diurnal or hyperthermic treatments are based on oral or rectal readings oftemperature (see Bajada et al, 1980;Benor & Shvartz, 1971) and/or on localized application of thermal energy to the lower limbs or head (see Bell, 1965;Hancock & Dirkin, 1982), which would permit the greater mass of the body to function as a thermal sink via the circulatory system. Instructive in this regard are the findings of Hayward and Baker (1969), which strongly confirm that the brain of the mammal is a thermally privileged organ; that is, that elaborate, speciesspecific mechanisms have evolved by which cooling of the brain can take place within the cranial vault through respiratory exchange of thermal energy with the cerebral circulatory system.…”

Section: Tympanic and Oral Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Endogenous hyperthermia in normal human subjects: I. Experimental study of evoked potentials and reaction time

et al. 1985

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Previous work on awake guinea pigs and rats in the authors' laboratory revealed that microwaveinduced elevations of brain temperature (.:lTs from 1 0 to 3 0 C over resting baselines) are associated with reliable reductions in latencies of flash-evoked brain potentials' (EPs). To assess the generality of this finding in the normal human being, and to avoid the ethical problem of whole-body human exposure to an intense microwave field, .:lTs were induced endogenously by vigorous exercise and by insulative and vapor-barrier clothing. Twenty male athletes, 18 to 22 years of age, were randomly but equally divided into counterbalanced experimental and control groups for a single 3-h morning or afternoon session of measurements. During baseline measures, EPs of three types were observed: flash-evoked N1, pattern-reversal P100, and event-related P300. In addition, simple reaction times (RTs) to photic stimulation were recorded. All measures were repeated after sham warming of the 10 control subjects and after tympanically indexed brain temperatures of the 10 experimental subjects were elevated by an average of 1.2 0 C above control values. EP and RT latencies were reliably reduced in association with the .:lTs, the mean reductions ranging from 3% to 9%. The data on the human flash-evoked N1 component compare favorably with data recorded from rats and guinea pigs that have undergone exogenous elevations of temperature by microwave irradiation. The data on RTs and other EP components are consistent with the thesis that human CNS activity in general is accelerated during a modest bout of whole-body hyperthermia.More than half a century has passed since Hoagland hypothesized that elevation of brain temperature is associated with acceleration of catalytic events that may represent the rate-limiting step in biochemical reactions (Hoagland, 1933). The predicted result is an increase in propagation velocity of nerve impulses. Earlier and sub-

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Section: Tympanic and Oral Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Endogenous hyperthermia in normal human subjects: I. Experimental study of evoked potentials and reaction time

et al. 1985

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“…111-112). Bell ( 1965Bell ( , 1966Bell ( , 1975 was a consistent critic of the chemical clock idea, even though (as Wearden & Penton-Voak, 1995 , show) his data often off ered full or partial support for the idea of a temperature-sensitive internal timer of some sort (see also Green & Simpson, 1977 ). His objections to Hoagland's idea were twofold.…”

Section: Chemical Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychology of Time Perception

Wearden

2016

121

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“…A recent study conducted by Droit‐Volet and Provasi () took an initial look at this question but the authors used only a synchronisation task in an exclusively adult population. Nevertheless, two older studies examined the effect of an increase in body temperature on motor tapping (Bell, ; François, ). In each study, the participants were required to tap a Morse key at a rate of three taps per second.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synchrony and emotion in children and adults

Monier

Droit‐Volet

2016

Int J Psychol

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This study examined both the development of synchronisation activities and the way emotion affects these activities in children and adults. Children aged from 3 to 8 years, as well as adults, performed a spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) task and a synchronisation task with a 500-millisecond and 700-millisecond inter-stimulus interval (ISI), followed by a continuation task, in both an emotion-free and an emotional context (High-Arousal, Low-Arousal, and Neutral). The results showed that the SMT was faster and more variable in the younger children. In addition, the younger children found it more difficult to slow down their tapping rate in synchrony with the 700-millisecond ISI, with the result that they quickly returned to their internal tempo in the continuation phase. In contrast, the 8-year-olds' synchronisation performance was close to that of the adults. However, despite developmental changes in synchronisation skills, all the participants produced faster tempi in both the SMT and the synchronisation task for the High-Arousal emotion than for the other emotions. This suggests that emotions induce an automatic distortion of motor timing as has also been observed for the perception of time.

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Time estimation and increases in body temperature.

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Endogenous hyperthermia in normal human subjects: I. Experimental study of evoked potentials and reaction time

Endogenous hyperthermia in normal human subjects: I. Experimental study of evoked potentials and reaction time

The Psychology of Time Perception

Synchrony and emotion in children and adults

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