“…Moreover, the assumed norm-boundd on the output noise implies the existence of d η such thatd η > 0 : |d η (t)| ≤d η , ∀t ∈ R ≥0 . Now, we introduce the structure of the adaptive observer for joint estimation of z(t) and θ * in (15), and in turn estimating the frequenciesΩ i , i = 1, · · · , n. Besides the measured output filter (12), the architecture of the estimator also includes three dynamic components (16), (17) and (19), which are described below: 1) Augmented state estimator:…”