2021
DOI: 10.1029/2021jf006295
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Time‐Domain Reflectometry Measurements and Modeling of Firn Meltwater Infiltration at DYE‐2, Greenland

Abstract: Surface meltwater can be retained in an ice sheet if it infiltrates the firn and refreezes. This is an important mass balance process for the Greenland Ice Sheet, reducing meltwater runoff and associated sea-level rise. The processes of meltwater infiltration and refreezing are not fully understood, however, and remain difficult to monitor remotely. We deployed vertical arrays of thermistors and time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probes to 4-m depth in the firn to continuously monitor meltwater infiltration and r… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…This confirms our hypothesis: that upstream expansion of firn aquifers in southeast Greenland will occur in response to high‐melt years if the firn warms and the cold content is insufficient for refreezing meltwater. Recent coupled firn‐thermodynamic and hydrology modeling of meltwater infiltration at DYE‐2 shows that the firn is strongly impacted by high‐melt years such as those in 2012 and 2019 through the increase of firn temperature, ice content, and firn density (Samimi et al., 2021), which supports our results.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…This confirms our hypothesis: that upstream expansion of firn aquifers in southeast Greenland will occur in response to high‐melt years if the firn warms and the cold content is insufficient for refreezing meltwater. Recent coupled firn‐thermodynamic and hydrology modeling of meltwater infiltration at DYE‐2 shows that the firn is strongly impacted by high‐melt years such as those in 2012 and 2019 through the increase of firn temperature, ice content, and firn density (Samimi et al., 2021), which supports our results.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Similarly, 40, 70 (between the 40 and 80 cm maxima), 100, and 180 cm are used for the “top‐down” y 2 to y 5 thicknesses representative of 18.7, 10.7, 6.9, and 1.4 GHz sensing depths; the latter value is selected to capture the sensitivity to melt observed at 1.4 GHz at 1.8 m. LWCnmax $LW{C}_{n}^{max}$ for each layer was roughly estimated from 0.035 to 0.020 (from layer 1–5) based on the modeled vertical profile of the fraction of irreducible water presented in Samimi et al. (2021).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In order to estimate LWCn ${\mathit{LWC}}_{n}$ from the TB measurements, SFf(n) $S{F}_{f(n)}$ is used to scale LWATDn ${\mathit{LWA}}_{TDn}$ between zero and LWATDnmax ${\mathit{LWA}}_{TDn}^{max}$ as: LWATDn=SFf(n)LWATDnmax=SFf(n)ynLWCTDnmax ${\mathit{LWA}}_{TDn}=S{F}_{f(n)}{\mathit{LWA}}_{TDn}^{max}=S{F}_{f(n)}{y}_{n}{\mathit{LWC}}_{TDn}^{max}$ where LWCTDnmax ${\mathit{LWC}}_{TDn}^{max}$ represents the fraction of irreducible water (e.g., Samimi et al., 2021). While Equation implies wetness retrieval through each top‐down layer, in reality melt water in the top part of the surface may block emissions coming from the deeper parts of the layer.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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