Time Domain Reflectometry for Water Content Measurement of Municipal Solid Waste

Chen, Renpeng; Chen, Yun; Chen, Wei; Chen, Yunmin

doi:10.1089/ees.2010.0489

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The EC values of the two BC types tested were different, BC P = 1.3 dS m −1 and BC G = 5.2 dS m −1 . The higher EC and the increased travel time observed in BC G are also in agreement with previous findings of high EC values causing an increase of the travel time and overestimation of VSMC [48,50]. Therefore, apart from the high moisture content, the highly conductive solid phase and the high EC in soil solution might have played a role in the increased travel time of EM waves.…”

Section: Effects Of Bc On Tdr Measurementsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Biochar on TDR-Based Volumetric Soil Moisture Measurements in a Loamy Sand Podzolic Soil

et al. 2019

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Considering the increased interests in biochar (BC) as a soil amendment and a growing media substrate in agriculture, we evaluated the effect of BC incorporation on TDR (time-domain reflectometer)-based volumetric soil moisture content (VSMC) estimations in a loamy sand podzolic soil. Two commercial BC types (powdered-BC P , and granular-BC G ) were mixed in different rates (w/w) with a podzolic soil. The dielectric constants measured using a TDR cable tester (MOHR CT 100) were converted to VSMC. Three commonly used models: (i) Topp's equation, M-1; (ii) mixing model, M-2; and (iii) the forest soil model, M-3, were used. The accuracy of the estimated VSMC using these three models was statistically compared with measured VSMC. BC P at lower rates produced very similar results to the actual VSMC with M-1 and M-2 but deviated with increasing rates. The M-3 showed a non-linear relationship with measured VSMC. In BC G treatments, all models overestimated the VSMC. BC G rates higher than 15% (w/w) resulted in highly attenuated TDR waveforms and the signal was completely dissipated when rates higher than 50% (w/w) were used (typical application for field soils is less than 5% w/w). These results showed that predictions of the soil moisture content based on the soil dielectric constant might not be feasible for tested podzolic soils amended at high BC rates.

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Section: Effects Of Bc On Tdr Measurementsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Biochar on TDR-Based Volumetric Soil Moisture Measurements in a Loamy Sand Podzolic Soil

et al. 2019

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“…It measures the time taken by an electromagnetic pulse to go through a transmission line and return back. This time taken is related to the dielectric permittivity κ using Equation 1 [23].…”

Section: Need For Alternate Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Neural Network based Soil VWC and Field Capacity Estimation Using Low Cost Sensors

Zaman

Jain

Förster

2018

2018 IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Performance Evaluation and Modeling in Wired and Wireless Networks (PEMWN)

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The amount of water present in soil is measured in terms of a parameter commonly referred to as Volumetric Water Content (VWC) and is used for determining the field capacity of any soil. It is an important parameter accounting for ensuring proper irrigation at plantation sites for farming as well as for afforestation activities. The current work is an extension to already going on research in the area of wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs). Sensor nodes equipped with Decagon 5TM volumetric water content (VWC) and temperature sensor are deployed underground to understand the properties of soil for agricultural activities. The major hindrances in the deployment of such networks over a large field are the cost of VWC sensors and the credibility of the data being collected by these sensors. In this paper, we analyze the use of low-cost moisture and temperature sensors that can either be used to estimate the VWC values and field capacity or cross-validate the data of expensive VWC sensors before the actual deployment. Machine learning algorithms, namely Neural Networks and Random Forests are investigated for predicting the VWC value from low-cost moisture sensors. Several field experiments are carried out to examine the proposed hypothesis. The results showed that low-cost moisture sensors can assist in estimating the VWC and field capacity with a minor trade-off.

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“…The results showed that the method provided a good accuracy and reliability. Compared with traditional method, the upward infiltration method is efficient and is utilized extensively in agriculture and environmental geotechnics [18][19][20]. The existing apparatus used for the upward infiltration method usually consists of two-or threerod TDR probe, PVC material forming the outer cylinder, and the corresponding infiltration device and is suitable for loose soil samples with low density.…”

Section: Test Apparatus and Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Relationship between Dielectric Constant and Water Content of Rock-Soil Mixture by Time Domain Reflectometry

et al. 2016

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It is important to test water content of rock-soil mixtures efficiently and accurately to ensure both the quality control of compaction and assessment of the geotechnical engineering properties. To overcome time and energy wastage and probe insertion problems when using the traditional calibration method, a TDR coaxial test tube calibration arrangement using an upward infiltration method was designed. This arrangement was then used to study the influence of dry density, pore fluid conductivity, and soil/rock ratio on the relationship between water content and the dielectric constant of rock-soil mixtures. The results show that the empirical calibration equation forms for rock-soil mixtures can be the same as for soil materials. The effect of dry density on the calibration equation has the most significance and the influence of pore fluid conductivity can be ignored. The impact of variation of the soil/rock ratio can be neutralized by considering the effect of dry density in the calibration equation for the same kind of soil and rock. The empirical equations proposed by Zhao et al. show a good accuracy for rock-soil mixtures, indicating that the TDR method can be used to test gravimetric water content conveniently and efficiently without calibration in the field.

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Time Domain Reflectometry for Water Content Measurement of Municipal Solid Waste

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Biochar on TDR-Based Volumetric Soil Moisture Measurements in a Loamy Sand Podzolic Soil

Effect of Biochar on TDR-Based Volumetric Soil Moisture Measurements in a Loamy Sand Podzolic Soil

Artificial Neural Network based Soil VWC and Field Capacity Estimation Using Low Cost Sensors

Study on Relationship between Dielectric Constant and Water Content of Rock-Soil Mixture by Time Domain Reflectometry

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