“…Due to a large positive value of in the NiFe, a fraction of the ultrafast spin current is converted into an ultrafast orbital current (J L ) of same polarity through the L-S conversion, given 8 , 48 as, . Therefore, an ultrafast optically induced orbital current sets in 48 , 53 , which possess similar symmetry properties to the spin current but can exhibit relatively different transport dynamics 9 , 54 , 55 . Furthermore, as the ultrafast excitation of spin and orbital magnetization has been reported 51 , 56 – 58 to exhibit a similar evolution, the emergence of orbital current can also be comprehended through the analogy with the already established spin current formation 53 .…”