Time-dependent strain-controlled fatigue behavior of annealed 2 Cr-1 Mo steel for use in nuclear steam generator design

Brinkman, C.R.; Strizak, J.P.; Booker, M. Keith; Jaske, Carl E.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(76)90015-5

Cited by 52 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[13] ) Observations of surfaces and cross sections for the tension hold tests in oxidizing environments are consistent with previous observations. [1,2,3] The reasonably straight oxide-metal interface observed for tension hold tests is expected in light of the continual spalling of the oxide scale. With each compressive strain reversal, oxide flakes off, exposing large patches of the underlying metal surface which then reoxidize.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For the air tests, the difference between compression hold test and tension hold test fatigue lifetimes increases as the total strain range is decreased. [2] The relatively high total strain range of 1.0 pct was chosen for this study because there is still a difference between compression hold and tension hold lifetimes, but the test time is not prohibitively long. Under the stress conditions used here, the mean stress that developed during a test was very small (typically between 0 and 15 MPa, as compared to a stress range of approximately 700 MPa) and did not appear to be a factor in favoring one type of hold time over the other.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant amount of fatigue lifetime data for hightemperature tests in air with hold periods generated for annealed Fe2.25Cr1Mo [1][2][3][4][5] have shown that including a hold period at maximum compressive strain leads to a shorter fatigue life than the inclusion of a tension hold. The lifeshortening effect of a compressive hold has been attributed to an oxidation-fatigue interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of environment on high-temperature hold time fatigue behavior of annealed 2.25 pct Cr 1 pct Mo steel

Hecht

Weertman

1998

Metall Mater Trans A

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Total strain control fatigue tests with a 120-second hold period at either peak compressive or tensile strain were conducted on annealed 2.25 pct Cr 1 pct Mo steel. Tests were performed at the total strain range of 1.0 pct at 500 ЊC or 600 ЊC in air, 1.3 Pa (10 Ϫ2 torr) or 1.3 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 Pa (10 Ϫ5 torr) vacuum. The nature of the hold and the environment affect fatigue life and surface crack patterns. A compressive hold is more deleterious than a tensile hold in high-temperature air, while the reverse is true in environments in which oxidation is limited. Observations of cracks at the surface and in cross section indicate that an oxidation-fatigue interaction accounts for the damaging effect of a compressive hold in air tests. In vacuum tests, creep damage has the opportunity to accumulate and causes the tension hold to exhibit the shortest fatigue lifetime.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of environment on high-temperature hold time fatigue behavior of annealed 2.25 pct Cr 1 pct Mo steel

Hecht

Weertman

1998

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…This has been verified in 3 Cr-Mo-V steel at 550°C where the exponent of a in vacuum was 2.3 compared with unity in air [S]. Figure 4 is a logarithmic plot of plastic strain range against total strain range for several alloys [3,22,[27][28][29][30] and shows that in the region cp < 0405, a value of y = 0.45 (see equation (2) and Fig. 2) may be used.…”

Section: Application To High Strain Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) may be used. Table 1 presents values of p, the cyclic strain hardening exponent, equation ( l ) , and endurance parameters M and k which have previously been reported [3,22,26,28,301. Initiation data are very rarely quoted but we may use the fact that N i tends to Nf at low strain ranges [13,22].…”

Section: Application To High Strain Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

The Prediction of Crack Growth Rates From Total Endurances in High Strain Fatigue

Skelton

1979

Fat Frac Eng Mat Struct

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Abstract-A method of calculating crack growth rates in high strain fatigue from total endurance data is presented. Endurances are known to be affected by dwell periods and environment and the expression derived takes these into account. The basic argument is that crack propagation may be regarded as increments of successive reinitiation and so the deeper a crack grows, with an accompanying increase in strain concentration at the tip, the fewer fatigue cycles are required for the next step. Previously derived expressions for strain concentration are employed which require a knowledge of the cyclic strain hardening properties of the material. These are produced in detail for a cast 4 Cr-Mo-V steel at 550°C.Two constants in the resulting propagation expression are semi-empirical, but if the surface (plastic or total) strain range is known then cyclic crack growth rates may be calculated for any crack depth. It is also shown that in the limiting case of zero surface plastic strain, the expression reduces to that observed for crack growth under linear elastic conditions.

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Creep-Fatigue Effects in Structural Materials used in Advanced Nuclear Power Generating Systems

Brinkman

1983

Fatigue

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We review various aspects of time-dependent fatigue behavior of a number of structural alloys in use or planned for use in advanced nuclear power generating systems. Materials included are types 304 and 316 stainless steel, Fe-2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel, and alloy 8Q0H. Examples of environmental effects, including both chemical and physical interaction, are presented for a number of environments. The environments discussed are high-purity liquid sodium, high vacuum, air, impure helium, and irradiation damage, including internal helium bubble generation.

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Time-dependent strain-controlled fatigue behavior of annealed 2 Cr-1 Mo steel for use in nuclear steam generator design

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

The effect of environment on high-temperature hold time fatigue behavior of annealed 2.25 pct Cr 1 pct Mo steel

The effect of environment on high-temperature hold time fatigue behavior of annealed 2.25 pct Cr 1 pct Mo steel

The Prediction of Crack Growth Rates From Total Endurances in High Strain Fatigue

Creep-Fatigue Effects in Structural Materials used in Advanced Nuclear Power Generating Systems

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