Time-dependent and Pb-dependent antagonism and synergism towards Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 within heavy metal mixtures

Abstract

Toxicity interaction has gained much interest in the research of toxicity of mixture pollutants.

Time-dependent synergism of five-component mixture systems of aminoglycoside antibiotics toVibrio qinghaiensissp.-Q67 induced by a key component

“…The determination process of luminescence inhibition of single antibiotic and its ve-component mixture systems to luminous bacteria referred to the relevant literature. 11,19 Using 96 microporous plate as the experimental carrier, 200 mL Milli-Q water was added to the surrounding 36 holes to prevent the edge effect. In the 2nd, 6th, 7th and 11th rows of 24 holes, 100 mL Milli-Q water was added as the blank control, the remaining 36 wells were treated and the drug was diluted to 12 different concentration gradients into the 36 wells by a pre-determined dilution factor, and 3 parallel to each concentration gradient.…”

“…The results predicted by CA are not always in agreement with the experimental results, and when the CA prediction curve is higher or lower than the condence interval, there is interaction, synergism or antagonism, within a mixture. [17][18][19][20][21][22] The experimental observations of mixture rays with obvious synergism at some exposure time points and their 95% condence interval, tting curves and CA prediction results are shown in Fig. 3 (of the rest of CRCs exhibiting additive action are given in Fig.…”

“…However, no signicant correlations are found between the synergism of ve-component mixture systems and the concentration ratios of other four antibiotics, which indicates that STS may be the key component in vecomponent mixture systems of AG antibiotics and the timedependent synergism of the ve-component mixtures is induced by the component STS. [19][20][21] The toxicity mechanism to V. qinghaiensis Toxicity mechanism of AG antibiotics to bacteria is mainly produced by affecting their protein synthesis. 34 Nastri and Algranati 35 also demonstrated this by studying the effects of streptomycin and other AG antibiotics on protein synthesis.…”

“…Some studies found that toxicity and toxicity interaction of complex mixture system may be closely related to a key component. 19 Fan et al 20 found that polymyxin B sulfate may be the key component of antagonism between ionic liquids and antibiotic. Zhang et al 21 found that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-octyl sulfate could induce antagonism in quaternary ionic liquid mixtures.…”

“…[22][23][24] The inhibition data of single antibiotic and its vecomponent mixtures to V. qinghaiensis at different exposure time (0.25, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h) were determined by timedependent microplate toxicity analysis method. [25][26][27] The concentration-effect data were tted by nonlinear least square method, the toxicity interaction of mixture systems was analysed by concentration addition model (CA) with 95% condence interval, [17][18][19][20][21][22]28 and the degree of toxicity interaction was characterized by deviation from CA model (dCA). Besides, the luminescence inhibition mechanism of ve antibiotics and their ve-component mixtures to V. qinghaiensis was preliminarily determined by observing the cell morphology.…”