Time Course of Mental and Psychomotor Effects of 30 Per Cent Nitrous Oxide during Inhalation and Recovery

Korttila, K.; Ghoneim, Mohammed M.; Jacobs, Lgh; Mewaldt, Steven P.; Petersen, R. C.

doi:10.1097/00000542-198103000-00009

Cited by 59 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The midazolam component of the FMP combination appears the key drug producing prolonged psychomotor impairment 2,29 . The psychomotor effects of N 2 O appear to closely correlate with its kinetics 5,9,30 . In two separate studies involving healthy volunteers, after inhalation of 30% N 2 O for 35 and 40 minutes, psychomotor performance had returned to baseline by 5 and 22 minutes respectively 9,30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The psychomotor effects of N 2 O appear to closely correlate with its kinetics 5,9,30 . In two separate studies involving healthy volunteers, after inhalation of 30% N 2 O for 35 and 40 minutes, psychomotor performance had returned to baseline by 5 and 22 minutes respectively 9,30 . In another report, after self-administration of 50% N 2 O by patients having colonoscopy, psychomotor performance had returned to baseline by 30 minutes following the end of the procedure 5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Total Intravenous versus Inhalational Anaesthesia for Colonoscopy: A Prospective Study of Clinical Recovery and Psychomotor Function

Hales

Gillespie

et al. 2001

Anaesth Intensive Care

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A randomized, prospective study was conducted on 69 patients comparing recovery after two different anaesthetic techniques for ambulatory colonoscopy. Thirty-five patients received an intravenous fentanyl (1 µg/kg), midazolam (0.05 to 0.075 mg/kg) and propofol (10 to 20 mg boluses as required) combination. 34 patients received sevoflurane in 67% nitrous oxide. Drug administration was titrated to clinical signs. At baseline and 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the procedure patient performance on a comprehensive battery of psychomotor tests was recorded. Emergence times were noted. Depth of sedation was assessed at 5 minute intervals for 30 minutes after the end of the procedure. Emergence times were faster in the fentanyl/midazolam/propofol group by 2.2 minutes. A lower sedation score was detected at 20 minutes in the sevoflurane/nitrous oxide group. Psychomotor impairment was of a greater magnitude and more prolonged by 30 to 90 minutes in the fentanyl/midazolam/propofol group. It is concluded that a sevoflurane/nitrous oxide anaesthetic has a suitable recovery profile for ambulatory colonoscopy and results in faster recovery of cognitive function compared with a fentanyl, midazolam and propofol combination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Total Intravenous versus Inhalational Anaesthesia for Colonoscopy: A Prospective Study of Clinical Recovery and Psychomotor Function

Hales

Gillespie

et al. 2001

Anaesth Intensive Care

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“…Hindmarch [15] and Scott, Whitwam and Wilkinson [16] discussed the effectiveness of a choice reaction timer although, unlike our study, they suggested an analysis of the component parts of the subject's response-processing time (stimulus to start of movement) and movement time. Ghonheim, Mewaldt and Thatcher [17] first described the tapping test and, in conjunction with Kortilla and colleagues [18], found it sensitive both during and after the administration of nitrous oxide. However, in the present study, the effect was slight compared with isoflurane and did not persist into the recovery period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of the Effects of Subanaesthetic Concentrations of Isoflurane or Nitrous Oxide in Volunteers

McMenemin¹,

Parbrook²

1988

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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A cross-over trial was performed in 12 volunteers to compare the relative potency of 25% nitrous oxide and 0.4% isoflurane when breathed for a period of 20 min. Oxygen was used as a control. The effects were observed for 35 min after drug administration. Choice reaction time, ability to tap two areas on a board and ability to perform mathematical problems were significantly impaired when inhaling nitrous oxide, the maximum effect being obtained within 5 min. With isoflurane, the effects were significantly greater than with nitrous oxide. The effect obtained after 15 min inhalation was greater than that at 5 min. Tests returned promptly to the base line after the discontinuation of the test agent. Subjective assessments were made using a series of eight visual analogue scales. Results of the scales represented by physical and mental sedation indicated that 0.4% isoflurane was more potent than 25% nitrous oxide. Significant effects were detected up to 15 min after the inhalation of the agent was stopped. Subanaesthetic concentrations of isoflurane warrant further study in patients undergoing dental treatment in which a rapid recovery from sedation is important.

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“…Test trials. After the final delayed JOL of the second block of items, the placebo gas was administered for 25 rm'n (15 min without an odor followed by 10 min with the odor added), which provided enough time for participants in the drug condition to recover from the effects of N 2 O (Korttila et al, 1981). During the retention interval, participants attempted to solve a Ruble's cube, which was used as a distractor task.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation of 30% nitrous oxide impairs people's learning without impairing people's judgments of what will be remembered.

Dunlosky¹,

Domoto²,

Wang³

et al. 1998

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Many hypotheses have been proposed to account for the effects of nitrous oxide on memory, with one emerging possibility being that it has a global effect on memory-related functioning. This possibility was explored by examining the effects of nitrous oxide on memory performance and on the accuracy of people's judgments about their memory performance. Participants inhaled 30% nitrous oxide or a placebo gas while items were studied and while judgments were made about the likelihood of recall for each item. Next, all participants inhaled the placebo during paired-associate recall. Although administration of nitrous oxide during study impaired recall, it did not affect the predictive accuracy of the metacognitive judgments. These results provide pharmacological evidence for a distinction between memory and metamemory.

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Time Course of Mental and Psychomotor Effects of 30 Per Cent Nitrous Oxide during Inhalation and Recovery

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Total Intravenous versus Inhalational Anaesthesia for Colonoscopy: A Prospective Study of Clinical Recovery and Psychomotor Function

Total Intravenous versus Inhalational Anaesthesia for Colonoscopy: A Prospective Study of Clinical Recovery and Psychomotor Function

Comparison of the Effects of Subanaesthetic Concentrations of Isoflurane or Nitrous Oxide in Volunteers

Inhalation of 30% nitrous oxide impairs people's learning without impairing people's judgments of what will be remembered.

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