Time course for exercise-induced alterations in insulin action and glucose tolerance in middle-aged people

King, Douglas S.; Baldus, P. J.; Sharp, Rick L.; Kesl, L. D.; Feltmeyer, T. L.; Riddle, Mark S.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.78.1.17

Cited by 154 publications

(148 citation statements)

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“…Beneficial improvements in insulin sensitivity brought about by exercise training attenuate within 3-6 days after the last exercise session (21)(22)(23). Our results may reflect the impact of the most recent exercise session, or a training adaptation or an interaction of both.…”

Section: Exercise Training Modality and Glucose Disposalmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effective Exercise Modality to Reduce Insulin Resistance in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE -The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a combined resistance and aerobic training program would improve insulin sensitivity compared with aerobic training alone in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. A second objective was to relate the improved insulin sensitivity to changes in abdominal adipose tissue (AT) and thigh muscle density. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A total of 28 obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of three 16-week treatments: control, aerobic only training (Ae only), or aerobic plus resistance training (AeϩRT). Pre-and posttreatment outcome measures included glucose disposal by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and computed tomography scans of abdominal AT and mid-thigh skeletal muscle.RESULTS -Glucose infusion rates increased significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) in the AeϩRT group. Both exercise groups had reduced abdominal subcutaneous and visceral AT and increased muscle density. The AeϩRT training group exhibited a significantly greater increase in muscle density than the Ae only group. Improved glucose disposal was independently associated with changes in subcutaneous AT, visceral AT, and muscle density. Muscle density retained a relationship with glucose disposal after controlling for abdominal AT.CONCLUSIONS -Adding resistance training to aerobic training enhanced glucose disposal in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. The improved insulin sensitivity is related to loss of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral AT and to increased muscle density.

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Section: Exercise Training Modality and Glucose Disposalmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effective Exercise Modality to Reduce Insulin Resistance in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2003

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“…Associated bene®ts not touched on in this review include, improved insulin sensitivity, a reduced propensity to store fat in visceral depots and, speculatively, improved postabsorptive utilisation by muscle of NEFA. 81 Bearing in mind the links of multiple bene®ts with exercise energy expenditure and the rapid loss of these with exercise withdrawal, 61,82 it is justi®ed to recommend exercise of moderate intensity on most days of the week with a total gross energy expenditure of some 2000 kcal (8.4 MJ) per week. Of course, this amount of exercise is not easy for the obese for whom even walking can represent vigorous exercise.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, obesity and blood lipids

Hardman

1999

Int J Obes

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PURPOSE: To present the evidence concerning the in¯uence of physical activity on the dyslipidaemia of obesity and overweight. METHODS: Review of a personal library of literature on the interactions of physical activity, lipoprotein metabolism and body fatness. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Obesity, in particular abdominal obesity, is associated with dyslipidaemia Ð speci®cally elevated plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the fasted state, an exaggerated postprandial rise in plasma TAG, low concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and possibly a preponderance of small dense low density lipoproteins. Regular physical activity contributes to the avoidance of overweight and hence to the development of dyslipidaemia. Although low levels of body fatness contribute to the high levels of HDL cholesterol and the low levels of TAG in trained people there are other important determinants of these characteristics. In particular, exercise (and probably training, that is regular, frequent exercise over months and years) enhances the metabolic capacity for TAG, possibly through mechanisms involving increased activity of lipoprotein lipase. This, in turn, has effects on other lipoprotein species such that the transport of TAG and cholesterol in the circulation is improved. There is evidence for a dose ± response relationship, with for example, higher levels of HDL cholesterol in men and women who expend more energy in exercise. For the majority of healthy, sedentary adults frequent, moderate intensity exercise equivalent to a total gross energy expenditure of about 8.5 MJ per week is probably a suf®cient to in¯uence lipoprotein lipids.

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“…Increased physical activity levels and exercise participation can positively affect CVD risk factors and improve the overall CVD risk profile [Bjorntorp et al, 1970;King et al, 1995; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996;Ivy, 1997;Goodyear and Kahn, 1998;Mayer-Davis et al, 1998]. Another major modifiable behavioral risk factor for CVD is dietary intake.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease Risk: General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease prevalence and risk factors of persons with mental retardation

Draheim

2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

110

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This paper reviews the recent literature on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, CVD-related mortality, physiological CVD risk factors, and behavioral CVD risk factors in adults with mental retardation (MR). The literature on the potential influences of modifiable behavioral CVD risk factors and the physiological CVD risk factors are also reviewed. Adults with mild to moderate MR residing in community settings appear to have an elevated disease prevalence, elevated CVD-related mortality, more adverse physiological CVD risk factors, and elevated behavioral risk compared to others with and without MR. Preliminary evidence supports the benefits of participating in the recommended physical activity levels and consuming the recommended diets to reduce the risk for CVD. The lack of large-scale longitudinal or experimental research indicates a gap in the research. The development of research-based, appropriate, primary prevention programs and intervention strategies aimed at lowering the risk for CVD is highly recommended. Programs should focus on educating individuals with MR along with direct care providers and family members on the importance of appropriate dietary concepts, physical activity habits, and regular health screenings by physicians. Programs should be individualized to regional and cultural issues.

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Time course for exercise-induced alterations in insulin action and glucose tolerance in middle-aged people

Cited by 154 publications

References 0 publications

Effective Exercise Modality to Reduce Insulin Resistance in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

Effective Exercise Modality to Reduce Insulin Resistance in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

Physical activity, obesity and blood lipids

Cardiovascular disease prevalence and risk factors of persons with mental retardation

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