Cardiovascular disease prevalence and risk factors of persons with mental retardation

Abstract

This paper reviews the recent literature on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, CVD-related mortality, physiological CVD risk factors, and behavioral CVD risk factors in adults with mental retardation (MR). The literature on the potential influences of modifiable behavioral CVD risk factors and the physiological CVD risk factors are also reviewed. Adults with mild to moderate MR residing in community settings appear to have an elevated disease prevalence, elevated CVD-related mortality, more adverse physiological CVD risk factors, and elevated behavioral risk compared to others with and without MR. Preliminary evidence supports the benefits of participating in the recommended physical activity levels and consuming the recommended diets to reduce the risk for CVD. The lack of large-scale longitudinal or experimental research indicates a gap in the research. The development of research-based, appropriate, primary prevention programs and intervention strategies aimed at lowering the risk for CVD is highly recommended. Programs should focus on educating individuals with MR along with direct care providers and family members on the importance of appropriate dietary concepts, physical activity habits, and regular health screenings by physicians. Programs should be individualized to regional and cultural issues.

Screening for glucose intolerance and development of a lifestyle education programme for prevention of type 2 diabetes in a population with intellectual disabilities: the STOP Diabetes research project

“…The overall prevalence of CVD among people with ID is unclear. 52 However, our finding that ischaemic heart disease was significantly lower in the population with ID differs somewhat from the literature, which suggests that the prevalence of CVD among people with ID is greater than the general population. 52 …”

“…4 Severity levels for ID are typically categorised by broad intelligence quotient (IQ), alongside the required deficits in independent living skills, into mild (IQ [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], moderate (IQ [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], severe and profound (IQ < 20) ID. 5 Acknowledging the wide variation that exists between individuals with ID, typical abilities suggested for each category are outlined in Table 1 [based on World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10)].…”

“…13,51 Similarly, the prevalence of CVD among people with ID is reported to be greater than that among the general population, but the overall prevalence is unclear. 52 Further information on the current prevalence of T2DM, CVD and related risk factors in the ID population is presented in the systematic review in Chapter 2.…”

“…Similarly, the prevalence of CVD among people with ID is reported to be greater than that among the general population, but the overall prevalence is unclear. 52 The overall aim of this component of the research programme was to consolidate the evidence for current rates of T2DM, CVD and associated risk factors, restricting to population-based studies of adults with ID. If sufficient data were available, we also intended to conduct a meta-analysis.…”

Healthy Athletes Program as a chance for a good quality of life of persons with intellectual disability and their families in the context of health and pro-health activities

“…Teza ta jest dobrze udokumentowana w literaturze (Messent i wsp., 1999; Stanish i wsp., 2007), zaś wyniki badań na ten temat wskazują, że aktywność fizyczna osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną jest podobna do aktywności fizycznej osób w tzw. normie intelektualnej o siedzącym trybie życia (Draheim, 2006 Z perspektywy Olimpiad Specjalnych -realizując program 'Zdrowie' -oferujemy fachowe wsparcie w co najmniej obu obszarach. W głównej mierze dążymy do podnoszenia poziomu świadomości społecznej związanej z problemami dotyczącymi opieki zdrowotnej osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną.…”