Time-Bin-Encoded Boson Sampling with a Single-Photon Device

Ding, Xing; Su, Zu-En; Huang, He-Liang; Qin, Jian; Wang, C.; Unsleber, Sebastian; Chen, C.; Wang, Han; He, Yu; Wang, Xi-Lin; Zhang, W.-J.; Chen, S.-J.; Schneider, C.; Kamp, M.; You, Lixing; Wang, Z.; Höfling, Sven; Lu, Chao‐Yang; Pan, Jian-Wei

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.190501

Cited by 163 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Recently, improved rates have been demonstrated with quantum dot photon sources 8,33,34 . The current leading experimental demonstration, however, is still restricted to η ≈ 0.08 for n = 5, where q t ≈ 10 9 c t .…”

Section: Input Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical boson sampling algorithms with superior performance to near-term experiments

et al. 2017

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It is predicted that quantum computers will dramatically outperform their conventional counterparts. However, largescale universal quantum computers are yet to be built. Boson sampling 1 is a rudimentary quantum algorithm tailored to the platform of linear optics, which has sparked interest as a rapid way to demonstrate such quantum supremacy 2-6 . Photon statistics are governed by intractable matrix functions, which suggests that sampling from the distribution obtained by injecting photons into a linear optical network could be solved more quickly by a photonic experiment than by a classical computer. The apparently low resource requirements for large boson sampling experiments have raised expectations of a near-term demonstration of quantum supremacy by boson sampling 7,8 . Here we present classical boson sampling algorithms and theoretical analyses of prospects for scaling boson sampling experiments, showing that near-term quantum supremacy via boson sampling is unlikely. Our classical algorithm, based on Metropolised independence sampling, allowed the boson sampling problem to be solved for 30 photons with standard computing hardware. Compared to current experiments, a demonstration of quantum supremacy over a successful implementation of these classical methods on a supercomputer would require the number of photons and experimental components to increase by orders of magnitude, while tackling exponentially scaling photon loss.It is believed that new types of computing machines will be constructed to exploit quantum mechanics for an exponential speed advantage in solving certain problems compared with classical computers 9 . Recent large state and private investments in developing quantum technologies have increased interest in this challenge. However, it is not yet experimentally proven that a large computationally useful quantum system can be assembled, and such a task is highly non-trivial given the challenge of overcoming the effects of errors in these systems.Boson sampling is a simple task which is native to linear optics and has captured the imagination of quantum scientists because it seems possible that the anticipated supremacy of quantum machines could be demonstrated by a near-term experiment. The advent of integrated quantum photonics 10 has enabled large, complex, stable and programmable optical circuitry 11,12 , while recent advances in photon generation [13][14][15] and detection 16,17 have also been impressive. The possibility to generate many photons, evolve them under a large linear optical unitary transformation, then detect them, seems feasible, so the role of a boson sampling machine as a rudimentary but legitimate computing device is particularly appealing. Compared to a universal digital quantum computer, the resources required for experimental boson sampling appear much less demanding. This approach of designing quantum algorithms to demonstrate computational supremacy with nearterm experimental capabilities has inspired a raft of proposals suited to different hardware platforms [18]...

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Section: Input Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical boson sampling algorithms with superior performance to near-term experiments

et al. 2017

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“…Experimental boson sampling with up to 6 photons has been reported, demonstrating the theoretical prediction of the output distribution [6][7][8][9][10]. Temporal encoding has been used to extended the number of scattering modes to 10 with the potential to be extended much further [11,12]. In addition, research on sampling from closely rated distributions has extended our knowledge about the nature of boson sampling [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A certification scheme for the boson sampler

Liu

Lund

et al. 2016

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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Boson sampling can provide strong evidence that the computational power of a quantum computer outperforms a classical one via currently feasible linear optics experiments. However, how to identify an actual boson sampling device against any classical computing imposters is an ambiguous problem due to the computational complexity class in which boson sampling lies. The certification protocol based on bosonic bunching fails to rule out the so-called mean-field sampling. We propose a certification scheme to distinguish the boson sampling from the mean-field sampling for any random scattering matrices chosen via the Harr-measure. We numerically analyze our scheme and the influence of imperfect input states caused by non-simultaneous arrival photons.

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“…Recent proposals use twophoton interference for the realization of two-qubit gates, essential elements for photon-based quantum computing schemes [6]. Multiphoton interference is at the core of the computational complexity of linear optical networks, as exemplified by the Boson Sampling problem [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. This problem, solved naturally by multiphoton interference, shows that simulating the dynamics of indistinguishable photons is likely to be hard for classical computers, which also suggests that certification of genuine multiphoton interference is a difficult problem [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the special design of the interferometer allows to perform the experiment with a parametric down-conversion source without the need for heralding. This represents a demonstration of a practical approach to the characterization of multiphoton sources, which promises to decrease the experimental effort required to benchmark future deterministic single-photon sources [49][50][51] in the regime of high number of photons [16][17][18][19]25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental quantification of four-photon indistinguishability

et al. 2020

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Photon indistinguishability plays a fundamental role in information processing, with applications such as linear-optical quantum computation and metrology. It is then necessary to develop appropriate tools to quantify the amount of this resource in a multiparticle scenario. Here we report a four-photon experiment in a linear-optical interferometer designed to simultaneously estimate the degree of indistinguishability between three pairs of photons. The interferometer design dispenses with the need of heralding for parametric down-conversion sources, resulting in an efficient and reliable optical scheme. We then use a recently proposed theoretical framework to quantify fourphoton indistinguishability, as well as to obtain bounds on three unmeasured two-photon overlaps. Our findings are in high agreement with the theory, and represent a new resource-effective technique for the characterization of multiphoton interference.

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Time-Bin-Encoded Boson Sampling with a Single-Photon Device

Cited by 163 publications

References 45 publications

Classical boson sampling algorithms with superior performance to near-term experiments

Classical boson sampling algorithms with superior performance to near-term experiments

A certification scheme for the boson sampler

Experimental quantification of four-photon indistinguishability

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