Time and Reference Systems

Jekeli, Christopher; Montenbruck, Oliver

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_2

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Examples are the realizations of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) for GPS, the Parametry Zemli-90 (PZ-90) for Global'naja Nawigatsionnaja Sputnikowaya Sistema (GLONASS), the Galileo Terrestrial Reference Frame (GTRF) for Galileo, or the China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 (CGCS20) for BeiDou. The system providers are making continuous efforts to align the respective frame realization with the current version of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) [40,41]. Corresponding transformations can be found in, e.g., Ref.…”

Section: Coordinate Frames and Datum Definitions For Gnss Satellite O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinate Frames and Transformations in GNSS Ray-Tracing for Autonomous Driving in Urban Areas

et al. 2022

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3D Mapping-Aided (3DMA) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a widely used method to mitigate multipath errors. Various research has been presented which utilizes 3D building model data in conjunction with ray-tracing algorithms to compute and predict satellites’ visibility conditions and compute delays caused by signal reflection. To simulate, model and potentially correct multipath errors in highly dynamic applications, such as, e.g., autonomous driving, the satellite–receiver–reflector geometry has to be known precisely in a common reference frame. Three-dimensional building models are often provided by regional public or private services and the coordinate information is usually given in a coordinate system of a map projection. Inconsistencies in the coordinate frames used to express the satellite and user coordinates, as well as the reflector surfaces, lead to falsely determined multipath errors and, thus, reduce the performance of 3DMA GNSS. This paper aims to provide the needed transformation steps to consider when integrating 3D building model data, user position, and GNSS orbit information. The impact of frame inconsistencies on the computed extra path delay is quantified based on a simulation study in a local 3D building model; they can easily amount to several meters. Differences between the extra path-delay computations in a metric system and a map projection are evaluated and corrections are proposed to both variants depending on the accuracy needs and the intended use.

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Section: Coordinate Frames and Datum Definitions For Gnss Satellite O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinate Frames and Transformations in GNSS Ray-Tracing for Autonomous Driving in Urban Areas

et al. 2022

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“…The geoid undulation or geoid height (N), expressed as H = h − N − N 0 is required to convert ellipsoidal heights (h) from coordinates in the geodetic reference system acquired from GNSS levelling to orthometric heights (H) in the vertical datum. N 0 is a constant offset between the geoid and the vertical datum [28]. The general description of H is such that H = 0 is the geoid, H > 0 is for terrain heights above the geoid, and H < 0 is below the geoid (depth of the sea floor).…”

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confidence: 99%

Epoch-Based Height Reference System for Sea Level Rise Impact Assessment on the Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Cob¹,

Kadir²,

Forsberg³

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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The Peninsular Malaysia Geodetic Vertical Datum 2000 (PMGVD2000) inherited several deficiencies due to offsets between local datums used, levelling error propagations, land subsidence, sea level rise, and sea level slopes along the southern half of the Malacca Strait on the west coast and the South China Sea in the east coast of the Peninsular relative to the Port Klang (PTK) datum point. To cater for a more reliable elevation-based assessment of both sea level rise and coastal flooding exposure, a new epoch-based height reference system PMGVD2022 has been developed. We have undertaken the processing of more than 30 years of sea level data from twelve tide gauge (TG) stations along the Peninsular Malaysia coast for the determination of the relative mean sea level (RMSL) at epoch 2022.0 with their respective trends and incorporates the quantification of the local vertical land motion (VLM) impact. PMGVD2022 is based on a new gravimetric geoid (PMGeoid2022) fitted to the RMSL at PTK. The orthometric height is realised through the GNSS levelling concept H = hGNSS–Nfit_PTK–NRMDT, where NRMDT is a constant offset due to the relative mean dynamic ocean topography (RMDT) between the fitted geoid at PTK and the local MSL datums along the Peninsular Malaysia coast. PMGVD2022 will become a single height reference system with absolute accuracies of better than ±3 cm and ±10 cm across most of the land/coastal area and the continental shelf of Peninsular Malaysia, respectively.

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