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Handbooks provide a concise compilation of approved key information on methods of research, general principles, and functional relationships in physical and applied sciences. The world's leading experts in the fields of physics and engineering will be assigned by one or several renowned editors to write the chapters comprising each volume. The content is selected by these experts from Springer sources (books, journals, online content) and other systematic and approved recent publications of scientific and technical information.The volumes are designed to be useful as readable desk reference book to give a fast and comprehensive overview and easy retrieval of essential reliable key information, including tables, graphs, and bibliographies. References to extensive sources are provided.

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TanDEM‐X is the first Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mission using close formation flying for bistatic SAR interferometry. Within three years, TanDEM‐X will enable a global mapping of Earth and production of a high resolution digital elevation model (DEM). As a prerequisite for the interferometric SAR processing, the relative position, or baseline, of the two spacecraft must be determined with millimeter accuracy. In support of this task, the two spacecraft are equipped with geodetic‐grade GPS receivers. Independent baseline solutions from the German Space Operations Center (DLR/GSOC) and the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) will be merged into a quality controlled combined product prior to use in the DEM generation. This paper provides an overview of the baseline determination process and discusses specific aspects such as phase pattern calibration, ambiguity resolution, and a trade‐off between single‐ and dual‐frequency solutions. First flight results from the early commissioning phase are presented.