Tilt of Flame from an Item Burning Close to a Wall

Effect of sidewall on the flame extension characteristics beneath a ceiling induced by carriage fire in a channel

“…This will result in changes in the flame height and flame extension length under the ceiling in case of flame impingement. Research along this direction has been pursued by various investigators [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Zukoski [10] studied the wall-attached fire plume assuming that there was an imaginary fire source on the other side of the wall, which had the same intensity as the original fire source.…”