Tillage, Cover Cropping, and Poultry Litter Effects on Cotton: II. Growth and Yield Parameters

Nyakatawa, Ermson Z.; Reddy, K. C.; Mays, D. A.

doi:10.2134/agronj2000.9251000x

Cited by 56 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Conservation tillage, such as NT or reduced till, can produce similar or higher cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grain yields and biomass production than conventional till (Bordovsky et al, 1998;Nyakatawa et al, 2000;Torbert and Reeves, 1994). Similarly, legume cover crops can increase cotton lint and sorghum grain yields and biomass production compared with nonlegume or no cover crops because of increased N supply (Hargrove, 1986;Sainju et al, 2003;Touchton et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon accumulation in cotton, sorghum, and underlying soil as influenced by tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization

2005

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Soil and crop management practices may influence biomass growth and yields of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and sequester significant amount of atmospheric CO 2 in plant biomass and underlying soil, thereby helping to mitigate the undesirable effects of global warming. This study examined the effects of three tillage practices [no-till (NT), strip till (ST), and chisel till (CT)], four cover crops [legume (hairy vetch) (Vicia villosa Roth), nonlegume (rye) (Secale cereale L), hairy vetch/rye mixture, and winter weeds or no cover crop], and three N fertilization rates (0, 60-65, and 120-130 kg N ha )1 ) on the amount of C sequestered in cotton lint (lint + seed), sorghum grain, their stalks (stems + leaves) and roots, and underlying soil from 2000 to 2002 in central Georgia, USA. A field experiment was conducted on a Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Plinthic Kandiudults). In 2000, C accumulation in cotton lint was greater in NT with rye or vetch/rye mixture but in stalks, it was greater in ST with vetch or vetch/rye mixture than in CT with or without cover crops. Similarly, C accumulation in lint was greater in NT with 60 kg N ha )1 but in stalks, it was greater in ST with 60 and 120 kg N ha )1 than in CT with 0 kg N ha )1 . In 2001, C accumulation in sorghum grains and stalks was greater in vetch and vetch/rye mixture with or without N rate than in rye without N rate. In 2002, C accumulation in cotton lint was greater in CT with or without N rate but in stalks, it was greater in ST with 60 and 120 kg N ha )1 than in NT with or without N rate. Total C accumulation in the above-and belowground biomass in cotton ranged from 1.7 to 5.6 Mg ha )1 and in sorghum ranged from 3.4 to 7.2 Mg ha )1 . Carbon accumulation in cotton and sorghum roots ranged from 1 to 14% of the total C accumulation in above-and belowground biomass. In NT, soil organic C at 0-10 cm depth was greater in vetch with 0 kg N ha )1 or in vetch/rye with 120-130 kg N ha )1 than in weeds with 0 and 60 kg N ha )1 but at 10-30 cm, it was greater in rye with 120-130 kg N ha )1 than in weeds with or without rate. In ST, soil organic C at 0-10 cm was greater in rye with 120-130 kg N ha )1 than in rye, vetch, vetch/rye and weeds with 0 and 60 kg N ha )1 . Soil organic C at 0-10 and 10-30 cm was also greater in NT and ST than in CT. Since 5 to 24% of C accumulation in lint and grain were harvested, C sequestered in cotton and sorghum stalks and roots can be significant in the terrestrial ecosystem and can significantly increase C storage in the soil if these residues are left after lint or grain harvest, thereby helping to mitigate the effects of global warming. Conservation tillage, such as ST, with hairy vetch/rye mixture cover crops and 60-65 kg N ha )1 can sustain C accumulation in cotton lint and sorghum grain and increase C storage in the surface soil due to increased C input from crop residues and their reduced incorporation into the * FAX No: +1-406-433-5038.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon accumulation in cotton, sorghum, and underlying soil as influenced by tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization

2005

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“…Soil disturbance due to tillage usually modifies soil temperature with soils under CT tending to warm up faster than NT soils in spring (Nyakatawa and Reddy 2000). However, in this study, the high rainfall in spring, especially in 2009, most likely prevented the incidence of soil temperature differences between tillage systems.…”

Section: Soil Temperature and Moisture Contentmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In addition, the higher CO 2 emissions in AN-SI plots can be attributed to increased biomass production in the form of crop residues from N application which directly adds C to the soil, which upon decomposition, can result in soil emission of CO 2 . Our studies comparing PL to AN sources of N on a Decatur silt loam soil have shown that inorganic N application generally results in better plant growth rate and higher biomass production compared to PL at the same application rate in the short term (Nyakatawa and Reddy 2000;Reddy et al 2009). Paustian et al (2000) also reported that N application to the soil can increase mineralization rates of soil organic matter by increasing residue input, which may also increase CO 2 emission.…”

Section: Soil Carbon Dioxide (Co 2 ) Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Soil Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Conventional and Conservation Tillage Corn Production Systems Receiving Poultry Litter and Inorganic Fertilizer

Nyakatawa

Mays

Way

et al. 2012

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture

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Soil management practices can alter the natural balance at the soil-plant-atmosphere ecosystem interface, which can significantly affect the environment. This study compared CO 2 fluxes in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) corn ( Zea mays L.) production systems receiving poultry litter (PL) and ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizers on a Decatur silt loam soil in the Tennessee Valley region of North Alabama from Spring 2008 to Fall 2009. Soil CO 2 flux in CT plots (9.5 kg CO 2 ha −1 day −1 ) was significantly greater than that in NT plots (4.9 kg CO 2 ha −1 day −1 in summer. Soil CO 2 fluxes were lowest in fall where CT plots had a mean soil CO 2 emission of 0.8 kg CO 2 ha −1 day −1 , while plots under NT and grass fallow system were sinks of CO 2 with fluxes −0.6 and −1.0 kg CO 2 ha −1 day −1 , respectively. Mean soil CO 2 flux averaged over seasons in NT plots was 36% lower than that in CT plots. Grass fallow plots were net sinks of CO 2 with a mean CO 2 flux of −0.4 kg CO 2 ha −1 day −1 . Our study showed that application of PL or AN fertilizer in NT systems can significantly reduce soil CO 2 emissions compared to CT systems in corn production. 873 874 E. Z. Nyakatawa et al.

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“…A conventional tillage approach for the cultivation of plants is most frequently used by farmers to reduce soil compaction, to improve aeration and to control weeds (Assis Ju´nior et al 2003;Franchini et al 2007;Crusciol et al 2008;Carvalho et al 2009). However, minimum tillage or no-till cropping are used to reduce erosion, to conserve moisture, to maintain and improve soil quality and to increase production (Doran et al 1998;Allmaras et al 2000;Nyakatawa et al 2000;Kladivko 2001). Current efforts focus on alternative systems to optimize the productivity and sustainability of agroecosystems, as well as to reduce production costs and environmental impacts on Brazilian soils (Franchini et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial populations and the activity of the soil under agricultural and agricultural–pastoral systems

Garcia¹,

Nahas

2012

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

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The effects of agricultural-pastoral and tillage practices on soil microbial populations and activities have not been systematically investigated. The effect of no-tillage (NT), no-tillage agricultural-pastoral integrated systems (NT-I) and conventional tillage (CT) at soil depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm on the microbial populations (bacteria and fungi), biomass-C, potential nitrification, urease and protease activities, total organic matter and total N contents were investigated. The crops used were soybean (in NT, NT-I and CT systems), corn (in NT and NT-I systems) and Tanner grass (Brachiaria sp.) (in NT-I system); a forest system was used as a control. Urease and protease activities, biomass-C and the content of organic matter and total N were higher (p 5 0.05) in the forest soil than the other soils. Potential nitrification was significantly higher in the NT-I system in comparison with the other systems. Bacteria numbers were similar in all systems. Fungi counts were similar in the CT and forest, but both were higher than in NT. All of these variables were dependent on the organic matter content and decreased (p 5 0.05) from the upper soil layer to the deeper soil layers. These results indicate that the no-tillage agricultural-pasture-integrated systems may be useful for soil conservation.

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Tillage, Cover Cropping, and Poultry Litter Effects on Cotton: II. Growth and Yield Parameters

Cited by 56 publications

References 17 publications

Carbon accumulation in cotton, sorghum, and underlying soil as influenced by tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization

Carbon accumulation in cotton, sorghum, and underlying soil as influenced by tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization

Soil Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Conventional and Conservation Tillage Corn Production Systems Receiving Poultry Litter and Inorganic Fertilizer

Microbial populations and the activity of the soil under agricultural and agricultural–pastoral systems

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